【作者】 袁雯；

【导师】 赵由才； 方海兰；

【作者基本信息】 同济大学 ， 环境工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 由于上海的土壤为盐碱地，无机营养元素和有机质含量普遍较低，质地粘重、通气性差，较低的土壤质量一直是限制上海绿化建设发展的关键因素之一。同时，上海老港填埋场符合开采年限的矿化垃圾也逐渐增多，矿化垃圾中含有丰富的有机质和植物生长所需要的氮，磷，钾等营养物质，矿化垃圾的这些特性正好与本地绿化土特性互补。本文以埋龄为8年的矿化垃圾为主要研究对象，开展了矿化垃圾园林利用的风险评价、矿化垃圾混配介质的盆栽种植、老港填埋场植物生长适应性调查；设计并完成了矿化垃圾防渗绿化示范基地的方案和施工建设。主要研究工作和结论如下。矿化垃圾园林利用的风险评价主要包括矿化垃圾重金属淋溶和植物种子发芽实验。分析了矿化垃圾淋溶液中各重金属含量，对比了重金属的平均浓度和地下水水质标准，从而评价了矿化垃圾园林利用对地下水的污染风险。同时探索了不同含量矿化垃圾的发芽基质对植物发芽和根伸长的抑制程度。综合污染指数评价表明矿化垃圾以及矿化垃圾与污泥混合土壤的淋溶液对地下水不会造成重金属污染，关键性的重金属因子都符合地下水标准。植物发芽实验表明矿化垃圾对植物发芽基本没有生态毒性，可以选择40％-50％为配比的最佳区间。矿化垃圾混配介质的盆栽种植研究包括矿化垃圾－污泥－土壤的三重混配介质以及矿化垃圾－土壤的双重混配介质；对比了混配介质和绿化土的理化性质，着重分析了矿化垃圾含量对植物生长、植物营养元素吸收和植物体内重金属累积的影响。使用矿化垃圾－污泥－土壤三重混配介质时，矿化垃圾的合适含量为45％．55％之间；矿化垃圾－土壤双重混配介质的适宜含量为75％左右，这比三重混配介质的最佳含量有所提高。在上海老港填埋场当地的植物生长适应性调查中，分析了老港填埋场的几个典型的填埋单元的植物种类构成、植物群落特征及生长情况，为矿化垃圾的园林利用提供实证基础。野生草本植物在上海老港填埋场中占绝对优势，这充分说明了野生草本植物生命力顽强，对填埋场恶劣的生存条件有较强的适应能力。在埋龄为6－7年的填埋场中葎草，灰菜和一枝黄花形成优势群落，在埋龄为9－10年填埋场中葎草，狗牙根和狗尾草形成优势群落。更多还原

【Abstract】 With high pH value, urban soil in Shanghai lacks organic matter and nutrient elements and is unfavorable to the growth of plants. Meanwhile, aged refuse, available at the refuse landfills and dumping sites, has been proved to be a high quality soil-like substrate for the growth of plants, due to its rich contents of nutrients. Hence, in this work, the aged refuse was used as the plant growth substrate, together with the soil or alone.Risk assessment of aged-refuse in greenery reuse was conducted, in terms of aged-refuse heavy metal showering and plant seed emergence experiments. A comparison between the concentrations of heavy metal in the showering liquid of the aged refuse and limits in the National Underground Water Quality Standard was made and the potential pollution risk was thus drawn. Meanwhile, seed emergence inhibition using the aged refuse was explored and comprehensive pollution index assessment was observed, showing that the aged refuse and its mixed sustrates with soil may not pose potential risk to the underground water and surrounding environments where the aged refuse was used. 40-50% of aged refuse in the soil and aged refuse mixture seemed to be the optimum condition subjected to the plant seed emergence experiment.Triple mixed substrate of aged refuse—composted sludge—soil and double mixed substrate of aged refuse—soil were made and used for the potted growth experiments. Physiochemical properties of mixed substrates with aged refuse and sole soil were compared. Effects of different aged refuse proportion on plant growth, absorption of inorganic nutrient elements by plant and heavy metal accumulation in plant were focused. Presence of aged refuse can make plant absorb more nutrient elements to facilitate the plant growth. The maximum biomass, chlorophyll contents and TOC in the plants of test occurred at 75% of aged refuse in the double mixed substrate, while 45%-55% in triple mixed substrate.On-site plant survey at Shanghai Refuse Landfill was conducted. It was found that wild herbal plants dominated in the landfill. In units with 6-7 years landfill age, Humulus scandens, Chenopodium album and Solidago canadensis L. were observed to be the main advantageous plant community, while in units with 9-10 years landfill age, Humulus scandens, Cynodon datylon and Sctaria, viridis form advantageous plant community.更多还原