【作者】 毛淑芳；

【导师】 李伟健；

【作者基本信息】 浙江师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 复原力指个体在压力和逆境下保持有效应对和良好适应的特质或能力,它对个体的心理健康和良好适应具有举足轻重的作用。复原力领域已有了大量研究,但仍存在着定义界定模糊不清、实践研究和理论研究数量不匹配、复原力内部机制研究匮乏的不足。自我复原是在压力或负面事件的影响下保持良好适应的一个动态过程。复原力对心理复原过程的作用已经获得共识,但复原力是如何作用于自我复原的机制还有待研究。本研究以大学生为被试,采用演说任务唤起被试的压力反应,运用自我报告、生理记录和实验室情境测试等多元研究方法,从积极情绪和认知评价角度入手综合考察复原力对自我复原的影响机制。研究分为两个部分,第一部分是研究积极情绪和认知评价在复原力对自我复原的影响的中介与缓冲效应;第二部分是不同认知评价条件和复原力水平下的自我复原的研究。本研究得出以下结果:(1)复原力和积极情绪呈显著正相关,和消极情绪无显著相关。高复原力组具有高积极情绪性,但他们同样会受到消极情绪影响。(2)复原力和威胁性评价呈显著负相关,和挑战性评价无显著相关。高复原力组表现出对压力和逆境的较低的威胁性评价,但并不一定表现出高挑战性评价。(3)复原力、积极情绪、威胁性评价和挑战性评价都是自我复原的重要影响因素。(4)复原力对自我复原的影响机制存在着中介效应和缓冲效应,积极情绪、威胁性评价在复原力和自我复原之间起中介效应,挑战性评价则起缓冲效应。(5)在威胁性评价条件下,高复原力组的自我复原时间显著少于低复原力组,报告的积极情绪高于低复原力组;在挑战性评价条件下,高低复原力组自我复原时间不存在显著差异,他们报告的积极情绪也无显著差异。在挑战性评价的引导下,低复原力组产生高积极情绪,从而表现出和高复原力组相似的自我复原水平;在威胁性评价的引导下,高复原力组产生较低积极情绪,其自我复原水平和低复原力者无显著差异。本研究的创新之处:(1)首次在国内对心理复原的动态过程进行实验室研究;(2)将生理指标引入复原力研究;(3)采用主观报告、生理测量和实验室现场情景模拟相结合的多元研究方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Resiliency is traits or abilities referred to effective coping and adaptation facing with stresses or adversity. Resiliency plays the important role in mental health and well adaptation. Researchers have been working much on resiliency, but there still are some problems in this issue, such as the blur definition of resiliency, non-matching amounts between practice researches and theory researches, shortage of researches on. resiliency interior mechanism. Ego-resilience refers to a dynamic process to keep well adaptation under stress or in negative matters. It has achieved consensus that resiliency is associated with psychological resilience process, however, the issue how resiliency affects ego-resilience is still to be further studies. The present research was aimed to roundly study the effect mechanism between resiliency and ego-resilience from the aspects of positive emotion and cognitive appraisals, sampled with undergraduates by multiple-methods including self-report, physical dating and laboratory situated test. The research consisted of two parts. The first part was to explore the moderating/mediating effect of positive emotion and cognitive appraisals between resiliency and ego-resilience. The second part was to study the ego-resilience in different cognitive appraisals situations and resiliency levels. The main conclusions of this research were:(1) There was significant positive correlation between resiliency and positive emotion. High-resiliency group reported more positive emotion than low-resiliency group. There was no significant correlation between resiliency and negative emotion. High-resiliency group were characterized with high positive emotion, but they were also affected by negative emotion.(2) There was significant negative correlation between resiliency and threat appraisal, but there was no significant correlation between resiliency and challenge appraisal. People with high-resiliency would make threat appraisal to stress and adversity, but they were not always characterized with high challenge appraisal.(3) Resiliency, positive emotion, threat appraisal and challenge appraisal were all important factors of ego-resilience.(4) There were moderating and mediating effects in the effect mechanism between resiliency and ego-resilience. Positive emotion and threat appraisal could mediate the relation between resiliency and ego-resilience. Challenge appraisal could moderate the relation between resiliency and ego-resilience.(5) In the situation of threat appraisal, high-resiliency group spent less time in ego-resilience and reported more positive emotion than low-resiliency group. In the situation of threat appraisal, there was no significant difference between the ego-resilience times of high-resiliency group and low-resiliency group, so did positive emotion. Low-resiliency group induced to challenge appraisal had high positive emotion, and their ego-resilience level resembled that of the high-resiliency group. High-resiliency group induced to threat appraisal had low positive emotion, and their ego-resilience level is closed to that of low-resiliency group.The innovation of this research lies in: (1) for the first time, researching the dynamic process of psychology resilience in laboratory; (2) inducing the physical data in the resiliency research; (3) using multiple-methods including self-report, physical dating and laboratory situated test.更多还原