【作者】 杨建；

【导师】 李东伟；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)是一种新型、高效的厌氧生物反应器。ABR反应器中废水与活性污泥具有良好的混合接触效果。同时,由于其独特的分隔式结构与水力流态,能够为颗粒污泥的形成创造有利的条件。本文以人工配置的淀粉和葡萄糖混合溶液为基质,对ABR反应器的启动及颗粒污泥的培养情况进行了研究,分析了ABR反应器的启动过程中运行参数的变化情况。启动结束后用已经形成颗粒污泥的反应器处理屠宰废水,研究其处理运行状况。研究表明:1.以低负荷启动反应器,反应器容积负荷在0.59～11.05kgCOD/m3·d之间变化,ABR反应器启动后18天便出现了颗粒污泥。由于ABR各格室所承受的有机负荷、汽水剪切力的不同,各格室内的颗粒污泥的形状、大小等都呈现出不同的特征。启动结束时,COD去除率在90%以上,反应器运行稳定。2.颗粒污泥形成时容积负荷为1.29kgCOD/(m3·d),COD去除率为83%,水力负荷为0.078m3/m2.h,HRT为30h。启动结束时投加颗粒活性碳和PAM的一、三格室内的颗粒污泥无论粒径还是颗粒化程度都比二、四格室高。反应器内各格室VSS/SS都在70%以上,颗粒污泥具有较高的生物活性。3.启动过程中容积负荷的变化,对反应器的去除率、VFA、pH值及碱度都有重要的影响。当容积负荷在5.57kgCOD/(m3·d)时,反应器的COD平均去除率与出水碱度同时达到最低,出水VFA超过1000mg/L,反应器运行开始恶化。调整容积负荷与进水碱度后又逐渐恢复。VFA的变化对主要发生水解产酸反应的前面两格室影响相对较小,对后面格室影响较大。实验中在当出水pH值偏离了正常的pH值范围时COD去除率下降明显,在实验后期出水pH值一直控制在6.2～6.5的适当范围内。4.反应器的最佳运行期在21～31天之间,最佳运行参数:HRT为30～26.7h,容积负荷为2.48～5.36kgCOD/(m3·d)。在这期间反应器内污泥活性最佳,微生物处于对数增长期,颗粒污泥形成后需大量的营养物质。在适合的HRT及容积负荷条件下,COD去除率在98%以上。5.用已经培养出成熟颗粒污泥的厌氧折流板反应器处理屠宰废水,容积负荷在0.46～6.62kgCOD/(m3·d)之间变化,COD去除率能够稳定在60%以上。ABR反应器处理屠宰废水的最佳运行参数为:容积负荷在4.8～5.2kgCOD/(m3·d)之间,HRT为15h。此时COD去除率超过70%。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) is a new high-efficient anaerobic reactor. The wastewater can intimately contact with a large amount of activated sludge when it passes through the reactor. At the same time, its unique structure and flow characteristics can make good condition for the formation of anaerobic granular sludge.The reactor’s start-up and anaerobic granular sludge cultivating method were studied based on a series of testing using starch and glucose wastewater. After start-up experiments, the ABR was used to treat slaughterhouse wastewater. In this work, the most suitable operating condition of ABR was studied. The result could be summarized as follows:1.When the reactor was started using low loading start-up , VLR controlled at 0.59～11.05kgCOD/m3·d, there are some granular sludge appeared after running 18 days. The figure and size of granular sludge in each compartment revealed different characteristics due to the changing of OLRs and shear force between gas and liquid in each compartment. The COD removal efficiency was higher than 90% and steady when the reactor’s start-up finished.2.When the anaerobic granular sludge appeared in the reactor, the VLR was 1.29kgCOD/(m3·d)、COD removal efficiency was 83%、hydraulic surface loading was 0.078m3/m2.h and an HRT was 30h. At the beginning of the experiment, activated carbon and PAM was added into the first and the third compartments, after start-up experiments, the granular sludge grain size and contents in the first and the third compartments were higher than the second and the fourth compartments’. The VSS/SS in each compartment exceeded 70%, granular sludge has high biology activity.3.The VLR had remarkable influence on COD removal efficiency、VFA、pH and ALK. When VLR was 5.57kgCOD/(m3·d), COD removal efficiency and ALK were the minimum, VFA in the outflow exceeded 1000mg/L, reactor’s efficiency decreased .The reactor recovered after adjusting VLR and ALK value. Compared with the third and fourth compartments, the first and second compartments were less sensitive to changing of VFA. When pH deviated from adapt range, the COD removal efficiency was decreased obviously, so pH value was kept in the range of 6.2 to 6.5 for the later stage of experiments. 4.The best reactor operated time is 21th~31th day and the experimental condition were HRT: 30~26.7h, VLR: 24.8~5.36kgCOD/(m3·d). During this period, sludge activity reached optimized condition, microbial grew exuberantly and the anaerobic granular sludge demanded a large mount of nutrition during this period. Under the suitable HRT and VLR condition, COD removal efficiency exceeded 98%.5.The ABR was used to treat slaughterhouse wastewater after the cultivation of anaerobic granular sludge, COD removal efficiency was over 60% when VLR changed between 0.46 and 6.62kgCOD/(m3·d).The best operate parameters are 15h HRT and VLR 4.8~5.2kgCOD/(m3·d), and the COD removal efficiencies could be more than 75%.更多还原