【作者】 黄玉华；

【导师】 邓泽元； 范亚苇；

【作者基本信息】 南昌大学 ， 营养与食品卫生， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着人民生活水平的逐步提高，我国食用植物油的生产和消费量都有了明显的增长，食用植物油作为人们日常生活中能量和营养素的一个重要来源，对其主要营养成分脂肪酸必需有一个深入的了解，同时随着人们健康意识的逐步加强，人们对于食用油的质量以及食用油的脂肪酸含量和比例的关注也开始慢慢增强，国际上也已提出符合健康要求的膳食脂肪酸的比例，如饱和脂肪酸(SFA)：单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)：多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的比值约为1：1～1.5：1，n-6：n-3的比值约为5～10：1，本文研究了符合膳食脂肪酸比例的营养平衡调和油，为当前的食用油市场增添新的活力，对食用油的消费具有指导意义。为了研究出符合我国目前膳食模式的营养平衡调和油，首先在全国膳食营养调查的基础上大量查阅其它各地区膳食调查情况，和各类食物消费情况，确定我国城乡居民每日膳食消费的具体食物种类和量。再对已确定的我国居民每日消费的各种食物进行脂肪酸的分析测定，计算出我国城乡居民当前膳食摄入的脂肪酸量和比例，在此基础上利用各种已知脂肪酸数据的植物油进行调和，最终得到符合我国居民膳食脂肪酸比例的营养平衡调和油。并通过青年SD大鼠实验，模拟在我国居民膳食脂肪酸，脂肪量(40g、30g油)和胆固醇量(5.7％和4％)和比例情况下，探讨调和油对动物健康的影响。主要研究结果如下：1．我国城市居民膳食中平均每天摄入的脂肪量达到85.6g，农村居民膳食平均每天摄入的脂肪量为72.6g，低于城市，无论是城市还是农村，脂肪的摄入量均超过了25g的安全推荐量。2．测定和分析了我国居民日常膳食中摄入的食物脂肪酸成分，并调查了多种常见和特种植物油的脂肪酸成分和百分含量。得到我国居民膳食脂肪酸摄入的基本状况：我国城市居民膳食SFA：MUFA：PUFA比例为1：1.26：1.07，农村居民膳食SFA：MUFA：PUFA比例为1：1.30：1.09，全国平均SFA：MUFA：PUFA比例为1：1.29：1.08。n6／n3的比值分别为：9.21，9.58，9.17。我国膳食脂肪酸比例较接近推荐值，但是n6／n3的比值已达到推荐临界值的上限。3．研究了符合我国居民目前膳食状况的营养平衡调和油，有花生和芝麻两种风味，分析测定后，能满足我国居民膳食中脂肪酸的平衡的要求。4．SD大鼠实验结果表明，调和油对大鼠体重、血脂以及组织脂肪酸均有一定的影响作用。结果发现，高脂情况下同时控制胆固醇摄入量和膳食n6／n3比值对体重增加可能具有重要的意义。在膳食中限制胆固醇、增加n3脂肪酸的摄入量，有助于降低动脉粥样硬化(AS)的发病率。结果还发现，试验后大鼠血浆和组织中的脂肪酸变化随n6／n3比值的降低而向着对健康有利的方向发展，说明通过食用油来调整居民膳食中脂肪酸的平衡是可行的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The consumption of edible plant oil in our country have markedly increased along with the level of people life improving step by step. As one of the mostly source of energy and nutriment, the edible plant oil’s mostly nutrition component-fatty acids should be studied in-depth. And meantime with the healthy consciousness strengthen gradually, people concern more and more to the quality and the content and proportion of fatty acids of edible plant oil. The proportion of diet fatty acids according with healthy have been indicated in international, such as the ratio of SFA: MUFA: PUFA is about 1:1～1.5:1, and the ratio of n-6: n-3 is about 5～10:1. the thesis study the nutritional blending oil that according to the status of diet nutrition in our coutry nowadays, this add new energy to the diet oil market and have big meaning in guiding consumption of diet oil.For study the nutritional blending oil that according to the status of diet nutrition in our coutry nowadays, firstly we ascertained the detailed kinds of foods people eat in every day after consult great many of literatrue of diet circumstance in many area and the report of food consumption circumstance. Then determined and analysed the fatty acids of foods, calculate the amount and ratio of fatty acids in diet, combined with the data of plant oil fatty acids,we can study the nutritional blending oil that according to the status of diet nutrition in our coutry nowadays. Finally, we discussed the influence of the blending oil with the obtained ratio of fatty acids to the healthy of animal by simulated the model of diet at the quantity of fat(40g and 30g) and the percent of cholesterin(5.7% and 4%). The major results as follows:1. On the basic of domestic diet nutrition investigation, we probed the kinds and quantity of food people consume every day, The results show that the kinds of foods been classified to 20 big kinds and then father been classified to 56 kinds. The amount of foods consumed every day on urban is 85.6g, and rural is 72.6g, the former bigger than the latter. Both the urbon and the rural , The amount of fats consumed every day is bigger much than the safty quantity recommended. 2. The content and composition of fatty acids in daily diet foods and various of familiar and infamiliar plant oil were determined and analysed. We obtained the situation of diet fatty acids in our country. The ratio of SFA: MUFA: PUFA on urban is 1:1.26:1.07, the rural is 1:1.30: 1.09, and the whole country is 1:1.29:1.08, the ratio of n6/n3 is 9.21, 9.58 and 9.17 respectively. This ratio of fatty acids is closed to the recommend, but the ratio of n6/n3 achieved to the biggest quantity of recommend critical.3. Studied the nutritional blending oil that according to the status of diet nutrition in our coutry nowadays, the nutritional blending oil has two flavor ,one is penaut flavor , The other is sesame flavor. Both two can satisfy the request of according to the status of diet nutrition in our coutry nowadays.4. The nutritional blending oil influenced to the weight, blood fat and contents of fatty acids of SD rat tissue, results shows that control the cholesterin and the ratio of n6/n3 in high fat diet situation have very important means to control the increasing of weight, control the cholesterin and improve the ratio of n3 in diet is favor to depressing the incidence of AS. We found that the changes of fatty acids in plasma and tissue acoording to the decreasing of the ratio of n6/n3 is good, so it is impossible to adjust the balance of diets fatty acids of domestic people by blending oil.更多还原