论提单运输下的货物交付

【作者】 张晓青；

【导师】 尹东年；

【作者基本信息】 上海海事大学 ， 国际法学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 货物交付作为海上货物运输中极为重要的一个环节,是指承运人将货物运至运输合同指定的目的港后,将货物交付给提单持有人或者是运输合同指定的收货人,是相关当事人签订运输合同的目的。因为提单运输中货物交付阶段法律关系比较复杂,在实务中出现的问题和纠纷比较多,货物交付一直是学者和业内人士研究的对象。基于此,笔者试就提单运输下货物的交付问题,作为本论文的研究对象。任何一种法律行为,都存在于一定的法律关系中,所以,本论文的第一部分,笔者将介绍货物交付的法律关系。首先,笔者论述货物交付的行为属性,认为该行为同时具有物权行为和债权行为的双重性质。之后,简单地介绍货物交付这一法律关系的主体---承运人和提单持有人,另外,在这一法律关系中,存在着其他的相关方,他们虽然不是货物交付法律关系的主体,却在本关系的各种行为中发挥着重要的作用。如:在装运港将货物交给承运人的托运人,与承运人签订港口作业合同的港口经营人,以及少数国家依国内法规定而存在的海关仓库。由于这些关系方与当事人关系密切,与关系下的许多法律行为不可分割,所以,本文也将在这第一部分中介绍他们的定义和在货物交付行为中的地位。第二部分,着重论述货物交付法律关系的行为方的识别,对于承运人,笔者从班轮运输和光船租船运输、航次租船运输以及定期租船运输的角度加以识别;对于实际承运人,笔者从其定义出发,也在不同的运输情况下,详细介绍了其识别问题;对于提单持有人,笔者首先给予明确的构成条件,之后,对其与收货人的关系加以阐明。第三部分介绍交付主体在货物交付中所享有的权利和应承担的义务。第四部分是本文的重中之重,从正常交货和非正常交货两大方面介绍实务中存在的货物交付的不同形式以及非正常交货的情况下利益受损方的救济问题。在非正常交货交货的情况下,笔者又从迟延交付、象征性交付和无单放货三个方面加以详细的介绍,对三者的判断标准、表现形式以及受损方的权利救济做了详细的论述,尤其是无单放货,笔者还论述了其行为属性,介绍了司法界的观点,区分了无单放货的不同主体及其责任,同时针对实践中出现的免除承运人无单放货责任的做法阐述了自己的观点,以求对实践中的做法有所指引。本文从货物交付这一法律关系出发,以关系的主体、客体为切入点,采取理论和实践相结合的方法,深入了解了某些现存的理论观点的同时,也参照了不少司法判例,以此作为本文观点的论据。为此,笔者阅读了大量文献资料,但由于缺乏实务经验,所以在实践方面比较欠缺。更多还原

【Abstract】 The delivery of goods, as an important link in the carriage of goods by sea, is refers to the carrier taking the goods to the goal port by sea, then sending it to the holder of bill of lading or the consignee which assigns in the transportation contract, is the goal to sign the transportation. Because the legal relationship of the delivery stage is quite complex, and there are many problems and disputes in practice, the delivery is always the object which the scholar and the professional studies. Based on this, the author tries to take the delivery of goods under bill of lading as the research object of this paper.Any kind of legal act all exists in the certain legal relationship, therefore, in the first part of this paper, the author will introduce the legal relationship in delivery. First, the author elaborates its behavioral attribute as the dual nature, which includes the real right behavior and the creditor’s rights behavior nature. Afterwards, introduces the main body in the legal relationship of the delivery—carrier and holder of bill of lading , moreover, in this legal relationship, there are other related parties, which are not the main body, but play the vital role in this relationship. For example: the shipper who sends the goods to the carrier, the harbor management person who signs the harbor work contract with the carrier, as well as some customs warehouse who exists according to the domestic law in certain countries. These relational sides relate closely with the parties, and have inalienable relations with many legal acts, therefore, so this article will introduce their definition and status in the cargo delivery in this first part. In the second part, the author emphatically elaborates the recognition of the parties in the delivery. Regarding the carrier, the author recognize it in the liner shipping and bareboat charter, the voyage charter and the time charter shipping; As the actual carrier, based on its definition, the author elaborate its recognition in different ways of shipping respectively; For the holder of bill of lading, the author illuminate its relations with consignee after giving it a clear constitution. In the third party, the author introduces the rights and duties of the main body in the delivery. The fourth part, the focal point of this article, is referred to the different means of delivery and the right relief in normal and abnormal ways. In abnormal, the author introduces the standard, representation and right relief of the aggrieved parties in delayed cargo delivery, signified delivery and delivery without the original bill of lading. Moreover, as for the delivery without the original bill of lading, the author elaborates its nature and differs the main body and their liabilities, meanwhile, indicates the points on the methods about exempting liabilities of the carriers, in order to direct the practice work.This article starts off the delivery legal relationship, embarks on the main body and content, adopts method which the theory and the practice unifies, understanding certain extant theory viewpoints and referring to many judicial legal precedent. Therefore, the author read the massive literature material, but because lacks of experience, this paper is short in the practice aspect.更多还原