【作者】 李杰；

【导师】 王黎明；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 现代篮球运动正朝着高、快、准、对抗矛盾日趋激烈的方向发展。注重攻守平衡已成为当今篮球运动发展的主流。但从雅典奥运会男篮比赛情况来看，中国篮球运动的发展已经落后，虽然进入八强，总体表现可以说是差强人意。后卫(Guard)是场上战术的组织者和指挥者，往往是一个队的核心。后卫队员的思想修养、技术水平、战术意识、组织能力和得分能力，直接影响该队的风格和水平。组织后卫发展脱节的问题尽管已经引起国内篮球届人士的重视。但由于客观的原因所制，关于组织后卫比赛能力的研究依然缺乏系统性、合理性、科学性，尚未形成完整的综合性概括、归纳与创新。中国的篮球运动经过广大篮球从业人员、专家的努力，已经有了长足的进步。经过了近10年时间，职业化、商业化已深入人心，一批批的优秀篮球运动员不断涌现。姚明、王治郅、巴特尔、易建联、唐正东等高大队员的出现，使得中国男篮有了各国都为之羡慕的号称“移动长城”的内线；前锋位置也涌现出了许多条件好的苗子。在28届奥运会上，中国男篮的平均身高2.02米，已经达到了世界一流强队的高度，中国队虽然最终艰难的获得了第八名，但比赛中表现出来的与欧美篮球强队的差距却令人震惊!然而近几年来，中国男篮在世界大赛中的成绩不仅没有能够实现突破，而且还接连失利，整体水平有下滑的趋势。原因是多方面的，我们与世界强队的差距也是全方位的，而其中后卫线能力的欠缺是不容回避的重要原因之一。以期本文的研究能对引导、指导、改进中国组织后卫比赛能力不强问题提供理论支持和源动力，为我国篮球事业的发展奉献一分自己的力量。本文采用的研究方法有：文献资料法、录像观察法、专家访问法、数理统计法，通过对参加2004年-2007年三个赛季中国男子篮球职业联赛的后卫队员作为研究对象，对各支参赛队的后卫进行现状分析，研究结果如下：(1)中国男篮后卫全队配合意识很强，在无对抵抗或弱对抗情况下，投篮命中率很高。(2)中国男篮后卫队员投篮意识不强，得分能力较差，而且得分手段单一，在进攻中，只侧重于全队的组织，而不注重个人的攻击，突破意识不强，并且突破能力差。(3)中国男篮后卫控制球能力和世界强队后卫相比没有差别。但是支配球能力差，具体表现在传球的技术不过硬，传球的方式不多，传球速度较慢，过于暴露传球的意图，助攻传球、妙传球等有攻击性的传球的次数不多。(4)中国男篮后卫发动快攻的成功率较高，但是发动快攻的意识不强，过于求稳，浪费了许多快攻的机会。(5)中国男篮后卫身体素质较差，力量素质明显不足，对抗能力弱。(6)中国男篮后卫抢前场篮板球的意识和能力较弱，连续起跳的能力不足(7)中国男篮后卫心理素质不稳定，遇到对手紧逼防守时，不能很好地控比赛节奏，难以组织全队流畅的进攻。本文针对研究结果，依据篮球运动的基本理论，结合中国男篮后卫的实际情况，提出了提高后卫进攻能力的对策。为了中国男篮能在2008年北京奥运会上获得理想的成绩，就必须加强对我国后卫的培养，提高他们的全面能力。从后卫这一环节深入分析中国队和世界篮球强队的差距，并提出改进意见和建议，为我国男篮的发展提供参考。1．在新形式下继承和发扬传统优点，消除软肋，形成新的风格；2．科学训练，加紧培养全面型后卫队员；3．走出选材误区，完善篮球运动员培养体系；4．加快提高中国篮球教练员的执教水平；更多还原

【Abstract】 Modern basketball are developing towards high, quick, accurate and more confronting with each other day by day. Focusing on the balance of attacking and defending has already become the mainstream of current basketball. But according to match of men’s basketball of the Athens Olympics, the development of Chinese basketball sports has been already backward. Though it took the place of top eight, the whole level of Chinese men’s basketball team is not satisfactory. The Guard, core of team, is the organizer and director on the field. His ideological cultivation, engineering level, tactics consciousness, the ability to organize and the ability to score influences the style and level of this team directly. Though the question of organizing guard full back’s development to disconnect has already caused the personage’s attention of domestic basketball, the research on organizing guard’s compete ability is still lack of systematicness, rationality, scientific for the objective reason. And the research has not yet formed a complete conclusion and innovation.Basketball sports of China, through the efforts of the masses of basketball employee, expert, have made considerable progress already. Through nearly 10 years, the professionalism, commercialization have already been rooted in the hearts of the people, batches of outstanding basketball players are emerging constantly. The appearances of Wang Zhizhi, Yao Ming, Bartal, Yi Jianlian, Tang Zhengdong, make the Chinese men’s basketball internal line known as " the moving Great Wall"; A lot of young players with good condition emerge too in forward’s position; the average height of the Chinese men’s basketball players, 202cm, is one of the tallest on 28 Olympic Games, but the Chinese men’s basketball team has been defeated in succession in the world match in recent years. The reasons are in many aspects, the disparity between strong team of the world and us is omni-directional too, the deficiency of back line ability is one of the important reasons that can’t be avoided.This research are expected to lead to improve the ability of Chinese organizing guard , to offer theory support and source power, and to devote a point of one’s own strength for the development of the undertaking of basketball of our country. This article uses such research methods as documentary investigation, the video recording observation, investigation and mathematical statistics. By studying on the fullbacks who participated in 2004 -2007 years three seasons Chinese men’s basketball guards in the Professional United Match, the essay analysis the present situation of each participating team’s fullbacks. Findings as follows:(1) Shoot consciousness of the Chinese men’s basketball team guard member is not strong, the ability of winning the scores is bad, and the method is unitary. (2) The Chinese men’s basketball team guards stress on entire team’s organization well, but not pay enough attention to individual attack, the breakthrough consciousness is not strong, and the breakthrough ability is bad.(3) There is no difference on the ability of controlling ball between the Chinese men’s basketball team guards and the top guards of the world. the concrete manifestation is passing technology does not stand up to the most rigorous test. The observation and the judgment ability are not strong. There is no enough secondary attack pass, wonderful passes and aggressive pass.(4) The Chinese men’s basketball team guards’ consciousness of starting quick attack isn’t strong, because of striving for steady, which has wasted many opportunities of quick attacks.(5) The Chinese men’s basketball team guards’ physical quality is worse, the strength quality is obvious insufficient. The resistance ability is weak.(6) The consciousness and ability of snatching the attacking rebound is bad. The ability continuous jump is insufficient.(7) The Chinese men’s basketball team guard psychological quality is unstable. While meeting the match to press hard on time the defense, they can’t control competition rhythm well, and organize the entire team smooth attack with difficulty.According to the findings, based on basketball elementary theory and unifying Chinese men’s basketball team guard’s actual situation, this dissertation proposed the countermeasure of enhancing the guard’ attack ability. To achieve perfect result at Beijing Olympic Games, Chinese men’s basketball team must strengthen the training of guard’s, Sharpens their comprehensive ability. This research, analyzes in depth the disparity between China and strong team of basketball of world from the point of guards, puts forward and improves opinions and suggestions, offers reference for development of the men’s basketball of our country.1. Inherit traditional advantages under new form; avoids weak points, forms new characteristics.2. Train scientifically and cultivate all-round guards.3. Step out of the selecting mistakes and complete the cultivate system of basketball athletes.4. Improve the coaching level of our basketball coach.更多还原