对完善我国反洗钱金融监管法律规制的探讨

【作者】 王欣；

【导师】 刘金科；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 经济法， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文是对当前反洗钱金融监管中的法律问题进行理论研究的一次尝试。在经济全球化、金融电子化的历史背景下，反洗钱成为一个重要的世界性课题。金融领域由于其固有的行业特点、运作模式、经营业务而成为洗钱分子进行洗钱犯罪的首选渠道，始终处于反洗钱斗争的第一道防线。因此，加强金融监管、强化金融机构在反洗钱中的作用成为各国反洗钱工作的重点，有关反洗钱的立法和行动也主要是围绕金融机构展开，并以银行类金融机构为先导。中国加入WTO后，随着对外开放的步伐加快、范围扩大，国际犯罪组织和不法分子的渗透也会进一步加剧，洗钱活动日益呈现出扩大化、多样化和复杂化的趋势。而改革金融体制与国际接轨的需求也使得中国金融业有必要借鉴国际经验，尽快建立和完善反洗钱金融监管法律规制，充分发挥金融系统在反洗钱中的预防和控制作用。自2007年1月1日起，我国的《反洗钱法》、《金融机构反洗钱规定》以及《金融机构大额交易和可疑交易报告管理办法》等法律法规陆续实施，社会各界对金融机构反洗钱的关注已经上升到了一个新的历史高度。目前，我国已经初步构建了反洗钱法律框架体系，建立了从中央银行到各级银行机构，从宏观层面到具体操作层面的反洗钱工作机制，但是，在实际运作中，当前的反洗钱金融监管机制仍然存在着薄弱环节，影响了对洗钱活动进行有效预防和必要打击的实际成效，因此，在现阶段研究反洗钱金融监管法律问题有其重要的现实意义。本文在结构上分为四部分：第一章是有关洗钱与反洗钱的概述。首先，对洗钱活动的由来和发展做了简要论述，然后对国际反洗钱行动进行了概述，并阐述了反洗钱立法的法律价值和反洗钱的核心，为下文的相关论述奠定了基础。第二章运用比较研究和历史分析的方法，论述了国际社会金融监管中现行的反洗钱法律规制。在反洗钱金融监管的国际法规制方面，重点介绍了联合国、巴塞尔银行监管委员会、反洗钱金融行动特别工作组、国际刑警组织对反洗钱金融监管所做出的相关规定；在反洗钱金融监管的国内法规制方面，有针对性地选取了美、英、澳三国的反洗钱金融监管法律制度，并对此进行了重点阐述与分析。通过上述两方面的论述，以期能够从中提炼出对我国构建完善的反洗钱金融监管法律规制有所启迪之处。第三章对我国反洗钱金融监管法律规制的现状展开分析。首先，全面展示了我国在反洗钱金融监管中取得的成果，内容涉及相关立法的制定和完善、反洗钱金融监管的机构设置和机制协调、反洗钱领域的国际交流与合作；然后，对我国反洗钱金融监管法律规制中存在的问题进行深入分析。在对这一章的阐述中采用了实证分析法，从现象出发，分析和总结其具有的内在规律性。第四章针对现存的问题，结合前三章的论述，提出了进一步加强与完善我国反洗钱金融监管法律规制的具体建议，并从经济学等角度对有关问题进行了分析，以期能够有助于我国反洗钱法律规制的构建，进而促进我国金融业的稳定与繁荣。本文以反洗钱金融监管的有关理论研究为基础，从国际、国内两方面入手探讨金融机构反洗钱监管所涉及到的法律问题。通过借鉴国际社会反洗钱金融监管的理论研究成果和实践探索经验，结合我国反洗钱的实际情况，有针对性地提出了一些改进的建议，以期加强和完善我国反洗钱金融监管法律规制，为营造和谐、有序、公平的竞争和发展环境发挥一定的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article is a theoretical study on the current legal regulation of financial supervision on anti—money laundering. Anti—money laundering has become an important global issue because of the trend of economic globalization and financial electronicalization. The financial field has become a preferred choice of money launderers because of its inherent industry features, mode of operation and business. Financial sectors are always at the first line of defense. Therefore, strengthening financial supervision and promoting the role of financial institutions has become the focus of anti—money laundering act. The anti—money laundering legislation and act has also mainly focused on financial institutions, especially on the banking financial institutions.After China joined the WTO, with the accelerated pace of opening up to the outside world, international organized crime and the infiltration of lawless elements will be further intensified, and money laundering activities will show a growing trend of expansion, diversification and complexity. Therefore, the demand of reforming the financial system and integrating into the international community make it necessary for Chinese financial industry to draw on international experience, set up effective legal regulation of financial supervision on anti—money laundering and give full play to anti—money laundering act in the aspect of prevention and control. Since January 1, 2007, many new laws and regulations on anti—money laundering act. such as Anti—money Laundering Law, Regulations on Anti—money Laundering by Financial Institutions, and Methods on Report of Large Amount Transaction and Suspect Transaction by Financial Institutions, have being implemented. The concern of combating money laundering crime has risen to a new level in our history. At present, China has preliminarily established a legal framework of anti—money laundering. The institutional mechanisms include not only the central bank but also other banking institutions of all levels, from the macro level to the specific aspects. However, there are still some weak links in the actual operation of the mechanism of financial supervision, which impact on the effectiveness of preventing and combating the money laundering activities. Therefore, it is very significant and realistic to research the legal issues on financial supervision on anti—money laundering at this stage.The main content is divided into four parts. The first part is the general outlook on money laundering and anti—money laundering. A brief overview on the formation and development of money laundering activities is introduced firstly. Then, anti—money laundering activities is accordingly presented. After a concise introduction of the general situation of international anti—money laundering act, the legal value of anti—money laundering legislation and the core of anti—money laundering activities are stressed. The function of this part is to lay foundation for the following content. In the second part, comparative and historical analysis method is used to discuss the current legal regulation of financial supervision on anti—money laundering of international community. In the aspect of international legal regulation, the legal norms of the United Nations, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, the Financial Action Task Force and Interpol are promoted. In the side of domestic legal regulation, the experience of the United States, Britain and Australia is selected as focal point. Through the two aspects, inspiration is abstracted in order to promote Chinese legal regulation of financial supervision on anti—money laundering. In the third part, the status quo of Chinese financial supervision on anti—money laundering is analyzed specifically. China’s achievements on this aspect are fully showed, which cover the formulation and improvement of the relevant legislation, the anti—money laundering regulatory institutions and coordinating mechanisms, and international communication and cooperation of anti—money laundering act. Then, some problems, which exist in Chinese legal regulation of financial supervision on anti—money laundering have being pointed out. Empirical analysis way is used to explain present situation, consisting of the phenomenon, the analyzing conclusion, and its internal law. In the last part, some specific suggestions on perfecting legal regulation of financial supervision on anti—money laundering are recommended, and certain related issues are discussed from economic aspect, in order to promote the construction of Chinese legal system of anti—money laundering, and contribute to the stability and prosperity of financial industry.On the basis of theoretical study on financial supervision on anti—money laundering, I explore the related legal issue from both international and domestic aspects. Through studying the theoretical research results and practical exploration experience of financial supervision on anti—money laundering of the international community, and combining the reality of our country, I make some suitable suggestions, with a view to improve and perfect Chinese legal regulation of financial supervision on anti—money laundering, and create a competitive and developing environment which is harmonious, orderly, and fair.更多还原