人口老龄化对日本经济的影响及日本政府的对策研究

【作者】 王伟；

【导师】 刘昌黎；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 世界经济， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 日本是世界上老龄化问题最严重的国家之一。早在20世纪70年代，日本就迈入了老龄化社会，是亚洲最早进入人口老龄化社会的国家。30多年来，日本政府在应对人口老龄化问题的过程中，建立了较为完善的法律体系，采取了多种应对措施，积累了较为丰富的经验。本文分析了日本人口老龄化对经济发展的影响，论述了日本政府应对人口老龄化的政策措施，在此基础上，对中国积极应对人口老龄化问题提出了具体的政策建议。全文包括以下五个部分：第一部分，阐述了世界各国普遍采用的人口老龄化的衡量模式和日本人口老龄化发展的几个阶段，分析了日本老龄化问题的成因及特点。第二部分，重点探讨了人口老龄化对日本经济的影响。人口老龄化问题对日本经济的影响是潜在的、全方位的并越来越深刻。该部分主要分析了人口老龄化对日本劳动力供给、企业雇佣体制、社会保障制度、劳动年龄人口负担、产业结构调整和内需主导型经济战略等五个方面的影响。第三部分，全面论述了日本政府应对人口老龄化问题的政策措施。面对来势凶猛的人口老龄化问题，日本政府积极采取如下政策措施：始终把理论准备放在首位；不断改革完善老年社会保障制度；开发利用老年人力资源；鼓励生育，延缓老龄化进程。上述政策措施的实施，在一定程度上解决了人口老龄化带来的各种问题，促进了人口老龄化与经济的协调发展。第四部分，分析了日本政府采取措施应对人口老龄化问题以来，各方面取得的主要成效。第五部分，论述了中国对日本经验的吸收与借鉴。中日两国在人口老龄化问题上存在诸多相似之处，日本30多年应对人口老龄化问题的有益经验，对中国有借鉴意义。本文针对中国应对人口老龄化问题提出了五点建议：一是建立科学完善的老年社会保障体系；二是人口红利开发最大化；三是大力发展老龄产业；四是加强对老龄化社会的前瞻性研究：五是转变经济增长方式，实现经济可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Japan is one of the countries which are facing the most serious problems caused by population aging around the world. As early as 1970s, it has been in the rank of aging society and became the first country of Asia that came into the population aging society. Japanese government has set up comparatively perfect laws system, has taken a lot of countermeasures, and has accumulated abundant experience in the course of dealing with population aging for over 30 years. This thesis analyzes the impact of population aging on Japan’s economic development, discusses the countermeasures taken by Japanese government to deal with population aging, and puts forward the suggestions on China’s population aging problems.This thesis consists of the following five parts:The first part illustrates the modes of measuring population aging which are adopted generally nowadays, and explains the process, causes and characteristics of population aging in Japan.The second part makes a further study on the impact of population aging, which is potential, complete and profound to Japan’s economic development .This part tries to analyze the influence from five aspects, such as workforce’s supply and employment system, social security, the burden of Japanese, adjustment of industrial structure, domestic demand-led economic strategy.The third part discusses the measures Japanese government has taken to deal with population aging. In the face of population aging problems, Japanese government has mainly taken the following measures: to put the theoretical preparation on the first place all the time; to reform the social security system; to develop the elderly human resource; to encourage procreating in order to delay the process of population aging.The fourth part analyzes the effectiveness achieved by Japanese government since it has taken measures to cope with population aging problems. The fifth part focuses on China’s absorption and reference of the Japanese experience on the population aging. The beneficial experience of Japan during over 30 years is helpful to China, because there are great deals of similarities on population aging between them. This thesis puts forward five proposals about China’s population aging problems: to set up scientific and perfect social security system; to exploit the population dividend; to develop the elderly industry vigorously; to strengthen the research of aging society; to change economic growth mode and realize the sustainable development.更多还原