【作者】 严潇；

【导师】 郭春会；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 园艺， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 鲜食杏是我国北方重要的果树之一,西安是我国鲜食杏的起源地和传统产区之一。通过分析西安鲜食杏种质资源现状,组织调查了西安50多个杏种质资源,新发现了“苦仁平顶杏”、“台儿杏”、“三水杏”、“二急子杏”、“假银杏”、“小梅杏”、“户县大红杏”以及部分无名杏等近20个未见记载的种质资源;收集了26个各有突出点的特异资源并在资源圃进行了保存;科学利用资源开展了新优品种的选育,获得了800多枚杂交种子,部分优株优异性明显;对初选的“蓝田大银杏”、“金太阳”、“凯特”、“周至梅杏”、“长安海东杏”、“长安早甜核”、“银香白”、“泾阳肉杏”等8个西安地区主要栽培品种进行了鉴选;提出了西安鲜食杏早中晚熟品种发展比例及品种选择建议,为农户选择栽培品种提供了依据。通过分析西安鲜食杏生产中存在的技术问题,对建园、疏果套袋、预防霜冻等栽培关键技术做了针对性的试验研究,提出了起垄栽培、适当降低栽培密度为株行距4m×5m、适于西安地区的杏砧木类型、节水灌溉尤其是龙带微喷与预防霜冻、推荐树形与简化整形修剪措施、疏果定果的方法和标准、大杏套袋的整套技术、无公害病虫害防治等鲜食杏生产新的实用技术,且把杏果适期采收与分级包装也列入生产阶段。在此基础上,制定出了西安鲜食杏无公害栽培技术规程,为规范西安鲜食杏的生产和提高产业化水平提供参考,同时也对其它杏产区的生产提供指导和借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fresh food apricot is one of the important fruit tree in the north of our country. Xi’an is one of the original areas and traditional producing areas of the fresh food apricot in China. The article analyzed the present situation of the fresh food apricot idioplasm resources, organized and investigated more 50 idioplasm resources of apricot in Xi’an, newly discovered nearly 20 idioplasm resources of apricot, for example,”Ku Ren Ping Ding apricot”,“Tai Er apricot”,“San Shui apricot”,”Er Ji Zi apricot”,”Jia Ying apricot”,”Xiao Mei apricot”,”Hu Xian Da Hong apricot”and partial nameless apricot that is not recorded; collected 26 special resources that every has prominent characteristics and preserved them in resources nursery; scientifically used resources and developed new optimal varieties breeding and get 800 hybrid seeds , partial optimal strains have good and obvious traits; evaluated 8 main cultivars in Xi’an, they are“Lan Tian Da Ying apricot”,”Jing Tai Yang”,“Kai Te”,“Zhou Zhi Mei apricot”,“Chang An Hai Dong apricot”,“Chang An Zao Tian Ke”,“Ying Xing Bai”,“Jing Yang Rou apricot”; provided some suggestions about variety selection of fresh food apricot in Xi’an, provided the basis for the peasants in choosing cultivated variety.Through the analysis of the technical questions and the cultivation of the key technology, at the same time ,developed special test and research of key technologies of cultivation, for example , orchard construction, thinning and jacketing, preventing frost, and so on, provided some new practical technologies about production of the fresh food apricot, for example, ridge culture, reducing cultured density properly, planting spacing of 4m×5m, the apricot rootstock adapted to Xi’an area, saving irrigation especially in preventing frost, recommended tree shape , preventing diseases and insect pests. On this basis, provided references for standard Xi’an fresh food apricot’s production and enhance the industrial production level, simultaneously it provided instruction and model for other apricot producing area.更多还原