【作者】 孙媛媛；

【导师】 陈滨；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 随着供热和空调能耗在国民生产总能耗中所占的比率逐渐增大，各国越来越重视建筑节能的问题。蓄热是被动式太阳能建筑的三大要素之一，良好的热存储技术和系统设计能有效的降低建筑能耗。我国目前的建筑以混凝土结构为主，混凝土作为一种热容量较大的显热蓄热材料，其蓄放热特性对建筑室内热环境有良好的调节作用，而目前关于混凝土建筑蓄热的研究不多，忽略了其蓄放热特性对系统热环境的影响，能够指导工程应用和设计计算的定量结论很少。本课题研究了混凝土围护结构的蓄放热特性对室内热环境的调节作用，提出了在湿式施工方式地板采暖住宅设计中考虑蓄热作用的等效供热量的计算公式，并讨论了夜间外保温对集热蓄热墙散热性能的改善作用，所得结论对于优化蓄热构件、指导工程设计以及推广建筑蓄热的应用均有一定的理论意义和应用价值。本研究从实验和理论两个方面进行，所得结论主要有：在传统地板采暖住宅设计供热量计算中没有考虑楼板等蓄热体的蓄热作用，设计供热量过大，导致室温过高，相对湿度偏低等不舒适问题的出现。通过建立的地板采暖系统动态热性能分析模型，得出了在蓄放热特性、运行方式和太阳辐射等因素耦合作用下的室内热环境及热量分配比例，提出了等效供热量的概念及计算公式，指出实际所需供热量应等于设计供热量加上等效供热量，并以大连为例，给出了等效供热量的修正系数，以新方法计算，阴天可减少设计供热量37％，晴天最大可以减少设计供热量43.3％，节能效果显著；集热蓄热墙式太阳房中，混凝土蓄热墙的室温均一化效果和对温度波的削减作用非常明显，当室外温度波动最大幅度超过10℃时，室温波幅不超过3℃，实验中300mm厚墙体内外表面温差超过10℃；墙体蓄热效率与集热效率随太阳辐射照度的变化呈相反的变化趋势；墙体厚度、材料、表面吸收率以及盖板透过率等因素对集热和蓄热效率均有较大的影响，存在一个最佳的墙体厚度值，使得墙体集热和蓄热综合性能最优；传统的蓄热墙夜间没有外保温，辐射散热损失很大，研究表明墙体外保温方式明显改善了蓄热墙夜间的散热性能，增加了向室内的供热量。从热质位置的角度看，带有热源的楼板蓄热体的利用效率比墙体蓄热更高；从热源供热方式来看，将热源预埋在蓄热层中的楼板辐射换热系统比热源照射在蓄热层表面的墙体集热系统蓄热效率高，室温波动小。更多还原

【Abstract】 Heating and cooling has become the main energy consuming in most countries, more and more attention has been paid on energy saving. Thermal storage is one of the most important elements in solar buildings. Appropriate thermal storage and system design can effectively bring down building energy consuming. Concrete is the main construction material in our country. Concrete is a sensible heat storage material with big heat capacity, charge/discharge characteristics of which can effectively improve indoor thermal environment. But few studies have been found about thermal storage in conctete buildings, most of which have ignored the effect of charge/discharge characteristics of thermal mass on indoor thermal environment. Few conclusions can be put into project and instruct design.In this paper, indoor thermal environment with charge/discharge characteristics of concrete thermal mass has been studied. Formula of equivalent heat supply considering thermal storage effect in floor heating residences has been put forward. Effect of outer heat preservation on heat release performance of the wall at night has been discussed. Conclusions are meaningful and practical for optimizing thermal storage components, directing project design and spreading the utilization of thermal storage in buildings.Both experiment and theoretics research has been taken in this paper, conclusions are as below:The neglect of charge/discharge characteristics of thermal mass in conventional design of heat supply in radiant floor heating system has resulted in many problems such as over designed heat supply , indoor overheat , low relative humidity and so on. Based on a computing model of floor heating residences, indoor thermal environment and heat distribution under the effect of heat charge/discharge, operation control and solar radiation has been concluded. Concept and formula of equivalent heat supply has been put forward which indicate that actual heat supply will be equal to the sum of design heat supply and equivalent heat supply. Recommend coefficient has been given taken Dalian as an example. Computed according to the new method, design heat supply can be reduced to 37% in cloudy day and 43.3% in sunny day, energy saving effect is very obvious.In Tromb wall solar house, effect of concrete wall on indoor temperature swing and attenuation of temperature wave is very obvious. While the outdoor air-temperature swing exceeds 10℃, indoor air-temperature swing belows 3℃. In the experiment, maximal difference in temperature between inner surface and outer surface of the 300mm wall exceeded 10℃. Heat storage and collector efficiency varies adversely according to solar radiation. Factors such as thickness, material, absorptance of the wall and permeation of the glass cover all have big influence on heat storage and collector efficiency. There exsisted an optimal thickness of the wall, which can make the best of heat storage and collector efficiency. Most of the heat stored in conventional Trombe wall during the daytime has been lost to the outside at night without heat preservation. Heat preservation on the outside surface of the wall has effectively improved heat release performance of the wall at night, heat supply to the room has increased too.As to the position, efficiency of thermal mass in building slab with heat sources in it is higher than heat storage in wall; As to the way of heating, efficiency of floor heating system with heat sources in the thermal mass is higher than collecting system with heat sources irradiating to the outer surface of the wall, and temperature swing of which is smaller too.更多还原