【作者】 李珍珠；

【导师】 屈茂辉；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 法律， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 合同的效力是依法成立的合同在当事人之间产生的法律拘束力。合同的效力反映了法律对当事人之间的合意的评价,已经成立的合同只有具备了法定的生效要件(或称有效要件),才能有效。如果合同不具备法律规定的有效要件,则合同不能生效。合同的法律约束力或合同的效力,并非直接来源于当事人的意志,而是来源于法律的赋予,合同的效力本身介入了国家意志。如果合同不符合国家意志,该合同将可能被宣告无效或被撤销。各国均在法律上规定合同违反强制性规定的后果,来进行法律对合同的评价。强制性规定分为效力规范和取缔规范。一般来说,只有违反效力性规范的合同才作为无效的合同,而违反取缔性规范,可以由相关机关对当事人实施行政处罚,但不一定宣告合同无效。将法律行为(合同)违反强制性规定区分为违反效力性规定和取缔性规定分别认定效力的主张,虽然在理论上具有可行性,但实务操作起来却十分困难。应以公序良俗作为判定违反强制性规定行为效力的依据。在利用强制性规定判定合同效力时,应当明确该规定的规范意旨和立法目的,结合公序良俗来判断违反强制性规定合同的效力。《合同法》规定“强制性规定”的目的实质上是为了协调契约自由和国家管制,是为了限制国家公权对公民意思自治的干涉。对“强制性规定”条款进行解释时,必须对之进行“目的性限缩”,只有法律、行政法规明确规定“强制性规定”的后果是合同无效的情形下,才能否定合同的效力。违反强制性规定的合同并不必然导致无效。关于无效的判断应结合违反效力规范的合同与公序良俗进行判断,将强制性规定与公序良俗作一元化把握,发展我国的违反强制性规定的合同效力判断制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Validity of a contract is one kind of binding among concerned parties. The validity reflects how laws evaluate agreements between concerned parties. So, the validity of contracts depends on whether it holds all required items. If it can not own these requirements, the situation is otherwise.It seems that, at the first glance, the binding is endowed by laws but not from wills of relative parties, which means that national purposes are interposed into contract validities. If contracts do not coincidence with national purposes, it might be cancelled or be viewed as void. Every country all regulates results against compulsory rules.It is difficult to make a distinction between regulatory rules and invalid rules in practical operation, although feasible in theory. It is necessary to set up social order and common senses as a standard to behaviors and final decisions. When ensuring validities of one contract, it is necessary to ensure the regulatory aim and targets of laws and judge validity if breaching regulatory rules.In“Chinese contract laws”, the aim of regulatory rules is to deal with the relations between contract freedom and national regulation, which is to limit national interfere to citizen’s democracy and liberty. So, when explaining items concerned, it must limit and control contract’s aims in accordance with laws and regulations.One contract breaching regulatory rules will not certainly lead to an invalid contract. Making a judge need both combine contracts with social orders as well as common senses and make a unify understanding. All in all, under this circumstance, we will further developing an evaluating system.更多还原