【作者】 矫彩山；

【导师】 景晓燕；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 应用化学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 论文以米糠油为代表进行了较为系统的利用废弃植物油制备生物柴油的实验研究，主要包括原料油的预处理方法研究、预酯化最佳实验条件研究、CaO／MgO固体碱催化剂的制备条件及催化酯交换反应的活性研究等内容。在原料油的预处理实验中分别考察了不同影响因素对原料油的水化脱胶、湿法脱胶、特殊脱胶、脱蜡及脱水效果，并最终确定了各自的最佳条件。米糠油的水化脱胶效果最差，只能脱出原料油中胶质的90％左右的水化磷脂，湿法脱胶则可继续脱出部分的非水化磷脂，脱胶油中的含磷量可降至3mg／kg油左右，特殊脱胶较其它两种脱胶效果都好；米糠油在85℃、0.09MPa真空度的脱水条件下处理20min后含水量可降至0.05％左右。论文采用正交实验法对预处理后的米糠油进行了预酯化条件的优化实验，得出影响预酯化效果的条件依次是油醇的重量体积比、反应时间、反应温度、搅拌速度，最后是催化剂的加入量。在最佳实验条件下进行的验证实验表明有料油的酸价可以从30mgKOH／g油降至3.75mgKOH／g油，以此为原料用NaOH为催化剂，在醇油摩尔比为6∶1、反应温度为75℃、反应时间为2h进行的酯交换反应，所得产品经过减压蒸馏处理后得到的生物柴油样品经GC／MS分析甲酯含量占92％左右，除酸价略高外其它各项主要指标达到或优于国家标准的规定值。论文还对CaO／MgO固体碱催化剂的最佳制备条件进行了系统的实验研究，并采用XRD和SEM对所合成的固体催化剂进行了表征，结果显示所合成的催化剂粒径在2μm以下。最后，评价所合成固体催化剂的活性用它进行了酯交换反应的实验研究，结果显示该催化剂的催化效果较NaOH等催化剂的催化效果差，这可能与XRD照片显示出的活性组分CaO在空气中变成Ca（OH）₂从而降低催化活性有关。更多还原

【Abstract】 A systemic experiment of preparation of bio-diesel from scrap botanic oil was carried out, in which rice bran oil was used as raw material. The main experiment included: the study of pretreatment, the optimal condition of pre-esterification, the preparation of CaO/MgO catalyzer and the activity of the catalyzed esterification.In the study of the pretreatment of raw oil, influences on dewaxing and dehydration of different process of degumming, such as hydration degumming, wet degumming and special degumming was researched, and the optimal condition of each process was ascertained. The degumming effect of hydration process, in which only about 90% of hydrating lecithoid was emerged, was the worst. Wet degumming can emerge part of the remnant undydrating lecithoid and it can make the content of phosphorus reduce to about 3mg/kg oil. The special degumming process was better than the other two processes. The content of H₂O can reduced to 0.05% at 85℃, 0.09MPa for 20min.Orthogonal experiments were taken out in order to the optimizing experiments of the pre-esterification of the pretreated rice bran oil. The order of influences for the effect of pre-esterification was the ratio of mellow to oil, the reaction time, the reaction temperature, the pace of whisking and the amount of the catalyzer. At the optimal condition, the acid value of the oil can reduce from 30mgKOH/g oil to 3.75mgKOH/g oil. Using the pre-esterification oil as raw material, in the condition of the ratio of mellow to oil of 6:1, the reaction temperature of 75℃and the reaction time of 2h, the production after decompress distillation was analyzed by GC/MS, and the content of polymethylmethacrylate was about 92%, except the acid value, other main guide lines can reach or exceed the value of national standard. The preparation of solid alkali CaO/MgO was studied systemically. XRD and SEM were used in the characterization of the solid catalyzer. The result showed that the diameter of particles was below 2μm. At last, aiming to estimation the activity of the catalyzer prepared, a transesterification reaction was carried out. The result showed that the effect of catalyzing was worse than NaOH, this may owing to the activated component CaO turned to Ca（OH）₂ in the air, which was showed by the XRD.更多还原