【作者】 杨金文；

【导师】 孙悦；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 原子与分子物理， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 对极端条件下材料物性变化规律的认识与现代高压物理、武器物理和天体物理等学科密切相关。以C-H-N-O元素为主的凝聚炸药是常用的工程材料，也是常规兵器研发的基本要件。因此，研究相应组成小分子物质的爆轰反应过程与爆轰产物的状态方程很有意义。基于液体微扰理论、C-J模型、模型势理论和体积相加原理等概念，分别构建C-H-O和C-N-O子模型来仿真较为复杂的C-H-N-O模型的方法，已被事实证明是有效的。考虑简单分子N₂和CO常态物性的相似性、同为凝聚炸药产物的主要组分以及前期研究的广泛性，本文选取这两种物质为对象，对其混合液样的高温高密度特性进行了研究。经文献检索，本文的研究在国内外还未曾见到。本文的实验部分利用冷凝制样技术（包括低温靶、物相监测及低温同轴电探针制作工艺等）制取了符合冲击压缩实验要求的均质液体CO+N₂混合样品，在二级轻气炮上对等摩尔比的液态混合物进行了动高压加载；将获得的Hugoniot数据与早先的实验结果进行比较，得知在26GPa压力附近混合体系可能经历了一次相变；并且首次捕捉到的CO+N₂冲击光谱信号，为解释实验和理论计算得到的离解相变现象提供了一定的证据。理论部分中采用MCRSR和vdW-1f模型，考虑了体系的化学平衡，计算了10～49GPa范围内的高压物态方程。在10～26GPa压力范围内，求得的液态CO+N₂混合物冲击压缩P-V曲线与实验值符合较好，冲击压力的平均误差为3.4％。在计算压力范围内，Hugoniot曲线逐渐“软化”；给出了CO和N₂在如下比例1：4，1：1，4：1的P-V和T-V曲线。结果表明，随着组分CO摩尔分数的增加，混合体系的冲击压力和温度都在逐渐减小。更多还原

【Abstract】 The understanding of the changing of material properties under extreme conditions is closely related to the modern high-pressure physics, weapons physics and astrophysics, etc. The condensed detonation products are mostly composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen elements, the condensed explosives are common engineering materials, as well as the essential conditions for conventional weapons research and development. Therefore, the study of small molecules composed of corresponding response to the detonation process and the equation of state of detonation products are quite meaningful. Based on liquid perturbation theory, C-J model , model potential theory and the principles of combined volume, etc., the C-H-O and C-N-O models are constructed to simulate more complex C-H-N-O model, the method has been proved to be effective. Research from the perspective of explosives detonation product equation, we hope that the result of detonation shock compression experiments contain the information of major components. CO and N₂ molecules are simple, their physical and chemical properties are very similar in normal state, they are all main components of condensed explosives, and they have been widely studied. In this paper, we chose the two substances and have studied the properties of liquid admixtures under high-temperature and high-density. By the international literature searches on line, these study results are innovative.The experiment part of this paper is to use the cryocondensation experimental tecniques （including the cryo-target, the photoelectric phase monitoring and the special cryo-coaxial electric detectors ）, producing the homogeneous liquid CO+N₂ mixed samples with the requirements of shock-compression experiments. And then, mixed samples with the requirements of shock-compression experiments. And then, the high dynamic pressure tests of admixture with equal molar volume have been carried out on the two-stage light gas gun, Hugoniot data are compared with earlier results, it can be judged that phase transition may be occurred in the vicinity of 26GPa in the mixtures system. The first shock-compression spectrum signals of liquid C0-N2 mixed samples could provide evidence for illustrating the dissociation phase transition obtained by experiment and theory calculation.In the theory part of this paper, the modified liquid perturbation variational theory （MCRSR） and the improved van der Waals one-fluid model（vdW-1f） have been applied to calculate the dynamic equation of state of liquid CO and N₂ mixtures with different CO:N₂ compositions in the chemical equilibrium within 10-49GPa. The calculated results are well consistent with earlier experimental data within 10-26GPa, the average error of the shock pressure is 3.4%. Within the calculation pressure, the Hugoniot becomes "soften". The theoretical P-V curves and T-V curves with CO:N₂=1:4, 1:1,4:1 compositions have been obtained. The results show that pressures and temperatures are also decreasing gradually with the increase of the mole fraction of carbon monoxide composition.更多还原