【作者】 张龙；

【导师】 徐玖平；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 进攻和防守是足球比赛中永恒的主题，防守水平的高低，往往决定着比赛的胜负。世界杯赛足球水平，尤其是防守水平代表着世界足球发展的潮流与方向。本文从时空理论这一视角和层面来研究足球比赛防守时空争夺的理论，揭示出足球比赛中时空争夺的重要性，确立时空观在足球比赛中的地位，为足球训练，从观念，训练指导思想，训练内容诸方面开拓思路，从更深的层次来认识现代足球的内涵，外延及其规律性，这对指导足球训练工作具有特殊的意义。本论文主题包括以下四个部分：第一，论证辩证唯物主义时空观的理论；足球比赛中的时间、空间特征；足球比赛中时间和空间的辩证关系从而阐明足球比赛中时空争夺内容的哲学理论基础。第二，解析足球比赛防守中争夺时空间的进程和内容，包括(分析足球比赛防守时空；赢得足球比赛防守时空；控制足球比赛防守时空)，找出争夺时空的关键所在。第三，通过研究足球规则的变革对防守的影响；防守过程中的犯规行为；后场定位球的防守及失球的时空间的分布和特征，对防守过程中的时空间进行分析，找出进球数下降和压迫性防守体系的形成原因和必然性。第四，从时间和空间两个方面提出中国足球发展的促进策略。主要观点有：1．足球比赛始终运行于时间与空间之中，运用辩证唯物主义时空观指导足球训练与比赛，有着重要的理论意义和实践意义。2．时空争夺的进程分为三个阶段，各有不同的实施要点，控制时空是其核心部分。3．犯规作为一种非常规防守技术被广泛应用，各队防守重心前移，更加注重对中前场的争夺控制。各队的防守普遍更具攻击性，压迫性打法逐渐趋于成熟，并在“快”的基础上采用灵活多变的进攻方式发动反击。4．足球比赛防守中，盯人不紧、协防失误和保护失误是失球的主要原因，防守是个全方位的立体防守，应加强培养运动员良好的战术意识和时空位置感。更多还原

【Abstract】 Offensive and defensive football matches is an eternal theme, the level of defense that often determines the success or failure. World Cup football, especially football defensive level represents the development trend of the world and direction. Based on the theory of space-time dimension and perspective to study the space-time soccer matches for the defense theory that reveals football matches for the importance of time and space, time and space to establish soccer matches in the position for football training from the concept, thinking about training and training in joint and explore new ideas, looking at the deeper level of understanding of the meaning of modern football, and the extension of the laws, which guide the work has a special significance for football training. The thesis topics, including about four parts :First, the demonstration of the theory of dialectical materialism of time and space; Football match time and space characteristics; Football match in time and space so as to elucidate the dialectical relationship between time and space for football matches as the philosophical foundation.Second, the analytic space at soccer matches Defense for the process and content, including (defensive football match analysis time; Defensive time to win football matches. Defensive soccer tournament time control), to find time for the key.Thirdly, the study of changes in the rules of defensive football; Defensive process of unruly behavior; Fumble after the market positioning of the ball when the defense and space distribution and characteristics of the space-time defending process analysis to identify the number of goals down and oppressive system of causes and the necessity defense. Fourth, in both time and space from the proposed strategy to promote the development of Chinese football.Main points are:1. Time and space are always operating in the soccer tournament, football training and matches to guide the use of dialectical materialism of time and space has important theoretical and practical significance.2. Time for the process is divided into three phases, each with a different implementation of the elements of time and control of its core.3. Technical fouls as a widely used non-conventional defense, the defense team to move the focus of more attention to the fight for control of the middle market. The defense teams generally offensive, oppressive tactics are becoming more and more mature, and "fast" on the basis of a flexible and varied offensive launched counterattacks.4. Defensive football, and do not closely questioned and defend Fumble is the main reason for the errors and mistakes in the protection and defense is a comprehensive three-dimensional defense, it should step up the development of athletes feeling good tactical awareness and space-time positions.更多还原