【作者】 周莉；

【导师】 张金泉；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文是一项关于英汉委婉语构成方式的比较研究。委婉语构成方式目前研究主要集中于语际间相似和相同的构成方式的探索,然而对于不同语言之间不同的委婉语构成方式研究得很少。本文采用比较与对比的方法,研究了英汉委婉语在构成方式上的共同点及不同点。英汉共有的委婉方式在大范畴上(词汇手段、语音手段、语法手段、语用手段)是基本相同的,在具体构造手法上也存在很多相同点,如:宽泛法,同义词法,比喻法,低调陈述,迂回法,借代法,省略法和否定法等。英汉各异的委婉方式则主要体现在语音,词汇和语法三个范畴下的各个具体手法上,如:英语使用曲读异拼法,首字母缩略法,混成法,时态转换,国名委婉法及压韵替代法等灵活的语音及构词手段创造委婉语;汉语则利用同音词替代法,语调变化(四声),四字成语,反义词及拆字法等汉语的独特结构创造委婉语。英汉语的委婉语构成方式和手法的相同点和不同点是通过比较和对比从各种委婉语词典以及专著中所选取的汉语委婉语和英语委婉语的例子来进行的。随后,通过比较研究,从委婉语构造原则的角度来剖析和解释英汉委婉语构成方法中存在的相同点。发现无论是汉语还是英语在创造委婉语的时候都会遵循以下三个构造原则,即距离原则、相关原则和动听原则。正是因为在三个构造原则的约束下,英汉委婉语中才会出现大量的相同构成方式,尤其体现在词汇、语音、语法和语用四个范畴上。在对比分析部分,对英汉委婉语中一些你有我无的词汇现象做了文化上的分析和对比,分别通过对英汉委婉语在词汇、语音、语法三个层次下的对比,科学地解释了英汉委婉语中存在不同构成方法的原因。本文对于为数甚少的英汉委婉语构成方式对比研究是一个有益的补充,也为外语教学和培养学生跨文化交际意识的提高提供了一些可行的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 This is a study on the construction of English and Chinese euphemisms. The existing researches on euphemism mainly focus on the similarities between Chinese and English constructive methods and devices, talking little about the differences between them. The comparative approach adopted in the research provides a clear view on both the common euphemistic devices in English and Chinese (they are: widening, synonym, metaphor, understatement, periphrasis, metonymy, ellipsis, negation, etc.) as well as the different euphemistic devices of each language (English: phonetic distortion, rhyming slang, using the names of other nations, blending, tense-changing; Chinese: assonance, tone-changing, employing the structure of the Chinese characters, antonyms). The common and different constructing methods and devices are shown by comparing and contrasting all kinds of examples of euphemisms quoted from dictionaries and monologues of euphemisms. Under the common ways of thinking and the same constructing principle, the two languages create a lot of similar euphemisms showing the closeness of euphemistic construction. Both Chinese and English languages create euphemisms under the constructing principles of Distance, Relevance and Pleasantness, under which Chinese language and English language have generated large quantities of similar euphemisms. Meanwhile, as a complementary study, cultural differences between English and Chinese and its impact on euphemism construction were studied to analyze the reason of different euphemistic constructions in each language. The analysis was taken in the form of a contrastive analysis in Phonetic, Lexical and Grammatical categories respectively. The study enhances our awareness of the linguistic features as well as the cultural features of the construction of English euphemisms and Chinese euphemisms. This thesis adds to the few comparative studies on English and Chinese euphemism construction and provides some suggestions for foreign language instruction and for the enhancement of the awareness of cross-cultural communication in foreign language learners.更多还原