【作者】 龚黎明；

【导师】 刘海云；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 烟草业是一个在世界范围内受到管制最多的行业之一,由于其独特的嗜瘾性和对各国财政收入以及国民经济的影响使得烟草业不但受到国际卫生与健康组织的诸多限制,而且各国政府也对这个行业施以了更多的社会性和经济性的管制。跨国烟草公司(Transnational Tobacco Corporations——TTCs)是这个行业的行为主体,他们在一个受到国际组织和国家政府多重管制的环境中综合运用多种手段规避这些管制,进行着跨国化的经营活动。本文在经济学的管制理论的框架下先对TTCs所受的政府管制作出经济学意义上的分析,随后就其管制规避策略展开研究。首先是对烟草业受到的社会性管制:诸如烟草制品有害物含量限制,广告宣传限制等方面入手,在对国际上针对烟草业主要社会性管制手法的经济学分析之后,阐述TTCs是如何运用降低香烟中有害物含量的研发策略,无烟产品替代物策略以及针对国际标准组织的游说策略来规避这些管制,并开展其经营活动的。其次是对烟草业受到的来自经济性管制的分析,主要集中在准入限制与价格管制方面。在TTCs如何规避准入限制方面,以东欧的前共产主义国家为样本,规避策略的分析重点在游说政府;各国政府对烟草业的价格管制主要是通过征税的手段来实现,而诸多的证据显示TTCs有串谋走私的嫌疑来规避东道国政府对其产品的价格管制。最后本文将对中国这个最大的烟草消费市场的政府与烟草公司提出一些针对中国国情的政策建议:国家如何通过对本国消费市场结构与消费者偏好的研究制订合适的烟草税率和给予本国烟草企业一定的政策引导等方式对这个行业的恰当管制以达到增进财政收入,控制烟草业以及增进国民福利的目的;在分析TTCs的管制规避策略的基础上给予国内烟草业一定范例性的引导,最终使得国家,消费者,与烟草公司的收益都能达到最优。更多还原

【Abstract】 The tobacco industry is one of the most controlled industries worldwide. Because of its unique character of addiction and impact on each country’s fiscal revenues, and national economy, those make tobacco industry received a great deal of restrictions from international hygiene and health organization. Meanwhile, each country’s governments also construct this industry with more social and economic control. Tobacco Transnational Corporations (TTCs) is the main behavior body of this industry, and they synthetically use various methods on their business to escape the regulations from both international organizations and national governments.This paper analyzed the regulation and the tactics of TTCs under the frame of the control theory of economics. It is the social control that the tobacco industry receives at first: Such as tobacco products harmful element limited, advertising restrain from respect start with, explain to analyzing to economics of tobacco industry main social control tactics in the world how TTCs evades these ones that control and carry on managing in it; Secondly concentrate on entering limiting accurately with the regulatory of the price mainly to the analysis from economy control that the tobacco industry receives , in analyzing how to evade these is it composing a piece of writing, announce its globalization management characteristic embodied in managing to control TTCs, a further step is that how a country can reach the purpose of increasing the fiscal revenues and improving national welfare through appropriate control of the industry.This paper will put forward some policy suggestions that are suitable to the China’s actual conditions for the government of the heaviest tobacco consumer market of China and Tobacco Company. Finally, we hope that can make fiscal revenues of our country, national welfare and income of Tobacco Company up to optimum condition.更多还原