【作者】 李锐娟；

【导师】 徐贤浩；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 库存物品在广义上可分为变质性物品和不变质物品二类。变质性物品包括物理变质和无形变质两种,无形变质指的是存贮中物品的数量不会发生变化,但是价值随着时间的消逝会逐渐减少,比如电脑、电子元件等。物理变质指的是物品在存贮过程中会发生腐烂、衰退、挥发等质量或数量上的变化,发生变质的部分库存不能再使用,必须处理或者抛弃,比如食品、药品等。如果变质率不是十分地低,那么就会对库存系统的成本产生不能忽略的影响。因此对于变质性物品的库存策略进行研究是十分必要的。以往关于变质性物品库存模型的研究多是关于物理变质的研究,实际上,随着产品生命周期越来越短,无形变质库存模型的研究具有重要的意义和价值。本文首先总结了国内外变质性物品库存模型的研究进展。然后对短生命周期产品的特征进行了分析,描述了短生命周期产品的变质现象,提出了库存模型的三种建立方式:第一种是用变质率的方法。这种方法基于一种假设,物品随着时间发生无形变质,可以看作是随着时间推移物品的一部分发生了变质。第二种方法假设单位库存持有成本不断增加。短生命周期产品因为具有价格不断下降的特点,因此持有这种产品具有一定的风险,持有时间越长,风险越大。这种风险可以恰当地表现为随着时间推移库存的持有成本不断增加。第三种方法假设物品的价格持续下降。短生命周期产品的无形变质,就是产品价格的不断下降,如果能够恰当地描绘出短生命周期产品的价格下降曲线,就能够建立准确的库存模型。最后本文假设需求率受到存货水平的影响、无形变质率与需求率负相关,即需求率大的时候无形变质率较小,反之亦然,建立了无短缺的短生命周期物品的库存模型,证明了最优解的存在性和唯一性,举数字实例进行了验证,对各参数进行了敏感性分析,并在允许短缺、有限补充率和考虑通货膨胀和资金的时间价值方面进行了扩展。更多还原

【Abstract】 In general, inventory items could be divided into deterioration items and no deterioration items. Deterioration items included physical deterioration and value deterioration. Value deterioration implied that a perishable product whose value deteriorated as the item got aged, just as computer, electron components, and color TV set etc. Physical deterioration implied that quantity decreased because perishable, decay and volatilization, for instance foodstuff, leechdom etc. While the deteriorating rate was not very low, the effects of deterioration rate could not be ignored. As a result, the research on inventory model of deteriorating items was necessary.In the past, the research of inventory model was based on physical deterioration. However, along with the products life cycle becoming shorter and shorter, the research of value deterioration inventory model became important and significance. Firstly, this paper presented a review of the deteriorating inventory literature. Secondly, we analyzed the character of short life cycle products, described the deterioration phenomenon of it’s and put forward three model of inventory model: deteriorating rate; increasing holding cost; decreasing price. Thirdly, we developed a deterministic economic order quantity inventory model, where the demand rate depended on the on-hand inventory when inventory level exceeded certain quantity, otherwise the demand rate was constant. The effects of obsolescence were taken into account, considering it was related to the demand rate. At last, we extended the inventory model on shortage, finite replenishment rate, inflation and time-value of money.更多还原