【作者】 郑品梅；

【导师】 李彦威； 邹纲明；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 应用化学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 胡椒中含有挥发油、树脂、胡椒碱、粗脂肪、粗蛋白等。胡椒油是一种有很高药用价值和食用价值的物质，经济价值很高；胡椒油树脂具有抗腐蚀抗氧化作用功能，是食品行业重要的添加剂。在传统的工艺中，胡椒油及树脂采用的是溶剂提取法，这种方法对其中的有效成分均有一定的破坏作用，而且还有溶剂残留，对新产品的开发很不利。超临界流体萃取技术是一种新型高效洁净的分离技术。随着人们对食品“天然、营养、回归自然”的追求，SCFE在天然产物的提取领域中占据了独特的地位。本文以胡椒为原料，对采用超临界二氧化碳萃取胡椒油及树脂、胡椒碱工艺的适宜条件进行了深入研究和探讨。油脂在储藏和使用过程中，其中的不饱和脂肪酸因空气、光照、酶及金属离子等作用，会发生自动氧化反应而导致油脂酸败劣变。传统上基本都是添加合成抗氧化剂，来提高油脂的稳定性，从而延长保质期。随着生活水平的提高和人们对健康、长寿的需要，人们更乐于接受来自自然界的天然产物。因此，人们一直在寻求高效卫生安全的天然抗氧化剂。天然抗氧化剂取代合成抗氧化剂是今后食品工业的发展趋势，开发实用、高效、成本低廉的天然抗氧化剂仍是天然抗氧化剂的研究重点。本文首先研究了胡椒油及树脂的提取工艺条件，重点考察了萃取温度、萃取压力、解析温度、粒度对胡椒提取物产率的影响，通过正交试验和验证试验，确定了适宜工艺条件。为了提高胡椒的利用价值，获得更多品种的产品，向纯的二氧化碳中加入适量夹带剂以提高其萃取能力，萃取极性大、难以提取的胡椒碱。研究了胡椒提取物对动物油脂和植物油脂的抗氧化作用，结果表明：胡椒提取物对花生油和猪油都有一定抗氧化作用，但胡椒提取物对猪油的抗氧化作用优于对花生油的抗氧化作用。胡椒提取物与柠檬酸的协同增效作用明显。研究了胡椒萃取物对自由基的清除能力。采用Fenton体系，考察胡椒提取物去除羟基(·OH)自由基能力，实验表明：胡椒提取物具有一定的去除自由基的作用。对萃取过程进行了数学模拟，采用了基于微分质量守恒的分步萃取动力学模型，全面考虑了固相与流体相的传质阻力，较为准确地模拟计算超临界流体萃取固体物料的萃取过程。运用该模型对胡椒油及树脂的超临界萃取过程进行了模拟研究，绝对值表示相对平均误差小于7％，具有足够的模拟精度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pepper seeds contain volatile oil, resins, piperine, fat, protein, etc. Pepper oil is a substance of high economic value, which has high medicinal value and consumption value. Pepper oleoresin functional anti-oxidation corrosion resistance and is important in the food additives industry. Traditionally, extracting pepper oil and resin using the solvent extraction method. This means that there is a certain element of the effective destruction, and also residual solvents. It is quite unfavorable to the development of new products.Supercritical fluid extraction technology is a new high efficiency and clean separation technology. With its "natural, nutrition, return to nature" up surge in the extraction of natural products, SCFE occupied a unique position in the field and attracted attentions.This paper based pepper as raw materials, using supercritical carbon dioxide extracted pepper oil and resin and piperine. Further studied and discussed the suitable technology conditions.When oil in storage and using, the unsaturated fatty acids which acted by air, light, enzyme, metal ions, automatically happen oxidation action and lead to the change of oil quality. Basically, the traditional used of synthetic antioxidants are added to increase the stability of oil, thereby prolong their shelf life. With the improvement of people’s living on health, longevity, people prefer natural products from the nature. Therefore, people have been seeking the natural antioxidants which are safer and efficient. Natural antioxidants replacing synthetic antioxidants are trend of the development in the food industry. In the future, development of practical and efficient, low-cost natural antioxidants is the focus of natural antioxidants.The paper showed the pepper oil and resin extraction conditions, inspected the extraction temperature, the extraction pressure, the release temperature, particle size on the rate of pepper extract natural resources through single factor experiments. Through orthogonal test and verification test determined the optimum conditions. To enhance the value of pepper, access to more variety of products, added appropriate amount of cosovent to the pure carbon dioxide to enhance its solubility of polar extraction, hard-extracted piperine.The anti-oxidative activity of the pepper extract was investigated for edible oils. Results show that pepper extract of a certain antioxidant with peanut oil and lard, But pepper extract have superior anti-oxidative activity in lard than in peanut oil, that is pepper extract is applicable to the low fat content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In the concentration range of experiments, the pepper extract antioxidant efficiency increases with the increase of pepper added. In addition, the mixture of citric acid and pepper extract show quite noticeable anti-oxidative effect. Throgh Fenton system, studied the free radical scavenging ability of pepper extract. It indicated that the pepper extract showed stronger ability to scavenge hydrogen peroxide.Choosed a mathematical simulated the extraction process. Using a Step-by-step extraction kinetic model, which is based on differential mass conservation. This model full account of the solid phase and the fluid phase mass transfer resistance, to be more accurate simulation of the supercritical fluid extraction of solid materials extraction process. The model was first used to simulate supercritical fluid extraction of pepper oil and resin process. The average relative absolute error is less than 7%, with sufficient precision.更多还原