【作者】 张莹莹；

【导师】 王金平；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 建筑技术科学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 书院是中国封建社会一种独特的文化机构，它介于官学和私学之间，集藏书、校书、读书、治学于一体。在中国悠久的教育史上，起到了补充官学，传承文明，传播思想文化的重要作用。虽然作为一种传统的办学方式，书院已随着历史的流逝而成为过去，但其内在的文化特点却是中国文人阶层读书治学、聚徒讲学、传播文化思想的场所，体现的是中国文人的品位和追求，使得书院建筑打上了文人建筑的印记，成为有别于官式建筑和民间建筑的另一类型传统建筑。书院建筑是书院文化的物化载体，具有教学、祭祀、藏书“三大事业”的完整规制，平面布局有强烈的“礼制”特征，并在选址和风景环境的经营中追求“天人合一”的理想境界。山西书院建筑文化是三晋文化的重要组成部分，它与山西社会、经济、文化的发展息息相关，具有鲜明的地域特点。本文在中国古代文教背景下，探讨了山西书院的缘起、发展和流变，并以现存实例为基础，按存在形式将山西书院建筑分为官办书院和家族书院两大类型，着重从地域性入手，详述了山西书院在择址、功能布局、建筑风格及装饰艺术等方面的特征，对其的深刻内涵作进一步的分析研究。研究结果表明，山西书院初建于唐代，兴起于元明时期，并于清代达到鼎盛，清代后期逐渐没落直至消亡；在选址与环境布局上，分为择胜而处的选址与情景交融的环境布局、置于园林之间，创造诗意的环境布局与置于城郊，环境布局以人工为主三种方式，深刻地体现出了书院这一文人建筑的特点；官办书院和家族书院，二者既有相似之处又有区别，总体来讲官办书院受官学影响较大，与府学、县学类似，讲究森严等级和庄重形制，故较为模式化。家族书院则更多的与当地的传统民居相结合，体现出地域特点和民俗风格，同时二者在祭祀方式上存在明显差异：官办书院主要祭祀孔子和名贤先圣，家族书院则是祭祀祖先为主。在建筑风格和装饰艺术上，山西书院建筑表现为朴实典雅、尺度宜人，受山西民俗和地域风格影响的特征。作为全国书院建筑体系的一个分支，山西书院建筑既反映了其共性特点，同时又表现出鲜明的地域特色和独特的文化内涵，具有很高的研究价值。从山西书院建筑文化中，我们可以探寻山西建筑的空间组成方式和美学意匠，在当今世界普遍关注文化个性的背景下，在建筑学界普遍呼吁“新地域风格”的前提下，山西书院建筑文化更加彰显其价值所在。更多还原

【Abstract】 Being a particular cultural institution, the Academy lies to the official and the private learning, with collecting books , emending, teaching in a whole. It complemented the official learning, spread to the civilization and dissemination thought culture on long education history in China. Although being a traditional way of teaching, The Academy has already become past with the passage of the history. Its inside cultural characteristics namely "academy is the Chinese scholars stratum studying cures to learn, gather to speak to learn, dissemination culture thought of place, body now of is the personal status of the Chinese scholar and pursue", make the academy building beat up the scholar construct of print to record, become is different from the type building and the folks building in the officer of another a the type tradition building. The academy building is the thing of the academy culture to turn to carry a body, having teaching, offer sacrifices to, library the complete rules and regulations of three important characteristic "s, the flat surface layout contain strong " Chinese traditional doctrine " characteristic, and pursue the ideal state of "the nature and man unite as one" in the management choose the address moderate breezes view environment.The Shan xi academy architectural culture is the important part of Shan xi civilization. It has associated highly with the development of the society, economy and culture, having a brilliant region characteristic. This paper analyzes the origin, development and changes of Shan xi Academy, based on the background to the Chinese culture. It classifies Shan xi Academy into two, the government-operated academy and the household academy based on the existing examples. It emphasize to commence from the region, go into detail The Shan xi academy ,choosing the address, function layout, building style and decorate arts characteristic etc, as to it’s of the deep content make a further analytical research.With the result, The Shan xi academy established in Tang period, rise is clear in the Yuan period, and attain in Qing, expect to decline to keep gradually after Qing dynasty to perish; Is divided in to choose to win in choosing the address and environment to set up but place the environment layout that choose the address and scene to blend, place between the park, create the environment layout of the poetry with place in the city suburb, the environment layout regarding artificial as principle three kinds of method, deeply the body appeared academy the characteristics of this scholar building; The government-operated academy and the household academy, two the place of the current likeness has differentiation again, total to speak the government-operated academy is subjected to an officer to learn influence bigger, learning with mansion, the county learn similar, pay attention to the severe grade and solemn form system, past turn for the mode more. The household academy then is more of reside with the traditional people of the regions to combine together, the body appears the region characteristics and folk style, in the meantime two in offering sacrifices to a way the existence is obvious difference: The government-operated academy mainly offers sacrifices to the Confucius and wise first saint, the household academy then offers sacrifices to the ancestry as lord. In constructing style and decorating an art, The Shanxi academy building performance is simple and cultured, the dimensions is pleasant, being subjected to the characteristic of The Shanxi people’s custom and the region style influence.Be a branch of the national academy architectural system, The Shanxi academy buildings reflect its same characteristics, expressing a brilliant and unique region features and special cultural content again in the meantime, have very high research value.更多还原