【作者】 李丽萍；

【导师】 董晋湘；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 工业催化， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 层状二硅酸钠由于具有优良的阳离子脱除能力、良好的缓冲性能、与洗涤剂其它成分配伍性好、环境相容性等优点，被认为是一类具有广泛使用前景的新型无磷洗涤剂助洗剂。Al-δ层状二硅酸钠是δ层状二硅酸钠的同晶取代衍生物。Al-δ层状硅酸钠在热水中晶体结构稳定，有良好的钙、镁离子脱除能力、缓冲能力、去污能力，能够满足洗衣粉前配料工艺需要，解决了层状二硅酸钠应用研究中的重要技术难题。为了进一步详尽地掌握Al-δ层状二硅酸钠在使用中晶体结构的稳定性，为工业应用提供基础技术参数，本文重点考察了洗衣粉中主要组分表面活性剂、无机物对其稳定性的影响。同时，在四种不同水溶液（蒸馏水、自来水、钙离子溶液、镁离子溶液）中，通过考察α、β相层状二硅酸钠相的转变及固体保留率的变化，研究了它们的阳离子脱除机理。参照洗衣粉的基本组成配方，本文考察了表面活性剂（LAS、AOS、K12和AEO-9）对Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅晶体结构稳定性的影响。采用XRD、FT-IR、TG分析和Ca²⁺脱除容量对Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅及其与表面活性剂水浸后的样品进行了表征。实验结果表明：Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅与LAS相互作用后，Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅仍然可以保持δ相；LAS对Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅晶体结构有保护作用。与K12（或AEO-9，AOS）相互作用后，物相转变成δ和kanemite的混合相。与K12相互作用后，尽管物相转变为混合相，但其对Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅晶体结构有一定的保护作用。AEO-9对Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅晶体结构没有明显的保护作用。AOS对Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅晶体结构有破坏作用。参照洗衣粉的基本组成配方，考察了无机物（无水Na₂SO₄、NaCl、无水Na₂CO₃、水玻璃）对Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅晶体结构稳定性的影响。采用XRD、FT-IR、TG分析和Ca²⁺脱除容量对Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅及其与无机物水浸后的样品进行了表征。实验结果显示：Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅与无机物混合水浸后，物相均由δ相转变成了δ和kanemite的混合相。Na₂SO₄、NaCl、Na₂CO₃对Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅晶体结构都有一定的保护作用，而且NaCl对晶体结构的保护作用要比Na2S04更好。水玻璃在mH20／msolid<1时，对Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅晶体结构有保护作用。当m_H2O／m_solid＞1时，对Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅晶体结构有破坏作用。本文通过考察α、β相层状二硅酸钠在四种不同水溶液（蒸馏水、自来水、钙离子溶液、镁离子溶液）中相的转变及固体保留率的变化，采用XRD、FT-IR、SEM现代仪器分析手段研究了它们的阳离子脱除过程。实验数据表明：在自来水中，β相层状二硅酸钠部分转化为有阳离子交换能力的层状硅酸钠kanemite，表现为离子交换特性：同时还有部分β相层状二硅酸钠会溶解进入水中，游离的硅酸根和氢氧根离子与钙离子和镁离子形成沉淀。证明β相层状二硅酸钠的阳离子脱除过程是具有离子交换和沉淀的双重特征。α相层状二硅酸钠在自来水中部分转化为未知相，其特性与其他层状材料的特性相似。同时部分α相层状二硅酸钠会溶解进入水中，游离的硅酸根和氢氧根离子与钙离子和镁离子形成沉淀。证明α相层状二硅酸钠的阳离子脱除过程也是具有离子交换和沉淀的双重特征。更多还原

【Abstract】 Layered sodium disilicates（Na₂Si₂O₅） have good ion binding capacity, finealkaline buffer capacity, cooperation with other composition in good method,harmony with enviroment and so on. They were considered as efficientnon-phosphate detergent builder with excellent prospect. Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅ is thesame crystal ramification ofδ-Na₂Si₂O₅. Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅ has high frameworkstability in hot water, it also has better Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ binding capacity, alkalinebuffer capacity and cleaning capacity. Therefore it met the requirements of thespray drying process and solved important technology problem in applicationfield of Na₂Si₂O₅. For further review the crystal structure stability ofAl-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅ and provide basic technical parameter for industrial application.This paper mainly investigated interactional effect of surfactants and inorganicchemicals （main components in detergents） on crystal structure stability ofAl-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅. Ion binding capacity ofα-Na₂Si₂O₅ andβ-Na₂Si₂O₅ was investigated by phase transformation and the residual solid yield in differentsolution (distilled water, tap water, water with Ca²⁺, water with Mg²⁺).According to basic component of detergents, this paper investigated effectof surfactants （LAS, AOS, K12 and AEO-9） on Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅ under thecondition near detergent spray drying process. Typical samples werecharacterized by XRD, TG, FT-IR and Ca²⁺ ion binding capacity. Theexperimental results showed that Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅ might keep asδphase afterinteracted with LAS. LAS had better protective function to Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅.Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅ had changed to a mixed phase ofδphase and kanemite afterinteracted with K12 （or AEO-9, AOS）. K12 also had better protective functionto the crystal structure stability of Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅ though it had changed to amixed phase. AEO-9 had not obviously protective function to the crystalstructure stability of Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅. But AOS had destructive function to crystalstructure of Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅.According to basic component of detergents, this paper investigated effectof inorganic chemicals on the crystal structure stability of Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅.Typical samples were characterized by XRD, TG, FT-IR and Ca²⁺ ion bindingcapacity. The experimental results showed that Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅ had changed to amixed phase ofδphase and kanemite after marinating with inorganic chemicals.Na₂SO₄, NaCl and Na₂CO₃ have definite protective function to the crystalstructure stability of Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅, NaCl had better protective function toAl-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅ than Na₂SO₄. Water glass had protective function to crystal structure of Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅ at m_H2O/m_solid＜1. But water glass had negative effecton the stability of Al-δ-Na₂Si₂O₅ at m_H2O/m_solid＞1.To investigate the mechanism of cation binding, the phase change andresidual solid yield after the hydrolysis ofα,β-Na₂Si₂O₅ in different watersolution (distilled water, tap water, water with Ca²⁺ and water with Mg²⁺) werecharacterized by XRD, FT-IR and SEM. The experimental data showed that apart ofβ-Na₂Si₂O₅ transformed into kanemite with ion exchange ability in tapwater, the other part ofβ-Na₂Si₂O₅ dissolved in water and formed precipitationthrough bonding with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺. The data proved that ion bindingmechanism ofβ-Na₂Si₂O₅ has the characteristic of ion exchange and sediment.In distilled water, a part ofα-Na₂Si₂O₅ transformed into an unknown phase,which was similar to other layered material, the other part ofα-Na₂Si₂O₅dissolved in water and formed precipitation through bonding with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺.The data proved that ion binding mechanism ofα-Na₂Si₂O₅ has the characteristicof ion exchange and sediment.更多还原