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盘查制度研究

The Police Stop and Question Power System Research

【作者】 陈丽

【导师】 唐磊;

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 , 诉讼法学, 2007, 硕士

【摘要】 “法治的真谛是人权,人权加法治等于民主”。为了保障公民权利不受侵犯,我国宪法明确规定“国家尊重和保障人权”。党的十六大报告也将“尊重和保障人权”确立为现阶段党和国家发展的重要目标,在此之后,党中央又相继提出“以人为本”、“建设社会主义和谐社会”的指导思想。可见,“法治、人权、民主”已经成为当前行政执法的主题。刑事法律体系可以说是人权保障的最后一道防线,但是由于立法的不完善,刑事诉讼法中的一些措施如盘查等制度仍然涉及到侵犯公民的人权。的确,警察在执行公务时,为保护公共利益的需要,存在着公权力侵犯私权力的现象。比如说警察随意检查身份证,就是用不合法的手段,去达到其所谓的“正当目的”。这就像刑讯逼供一样,虽然其目的可能是正确的,但手段违法,当然是法治社会所不允许的。在现代民主国家,指导执法和行政司法活动有两个基点:一是公民权利说;二是政府权力有限说。其基本内容都在于:以权利而非权力为本位,主张一切国家活动都应保障而不是侵犯公民或组织的正当权益。追究和惩罚违法犯罪的司法活动,实质上是一场发生于国家与个人之间的权益冲突或斗争。国家为了维持社会秩序,必须建立一套行之有效的执法机制,打击违法犯罪。它主要依靠运用强制力来实现这一目标,并追求效率和打击的力度,强调公民必须服从国家。运用强制的出发点是社会的安定性,但是在这个过程中容易产生漠视公民个人权利的负面效应,从而影响社会的安定性,国家权利是强大的,个人力量是弱小的,在国家和个人之间要实现准确、客观和公正,必须设立一套公正的、符合自然正义的执法和司法程序,限制国家权力的膨胀和强制手段的滥用,以保护公民的人身权利和其他合法权益。诚然,强制性和禁止性的律令应当被适用于社会上那些不服从或抵制法律的人,然而我们却不能因此说,消除法律规制对象的抵制便是法律控制的特征。一个拥有绝对权力的试图将其意志毫无拘束地强加于那些为他所控制的人的统治者,其统治的显著特征是它往往由统治者发布高压命令来贯彻其意志维护其统治。在现实中,权力与法律极少以纯粹的形式出现,多是权力与法律的相互渗透、相互作用。法律的第一功能是维持秩序,但维护秩序并不一定符合正义的要求。一个切实可行并有效的法律制度必须以民众的广泛接受为基础,而相当数量的不满和反对的存在所标示的则是这项法律制度的一种病态而非常态。因此,发现警察盘查权在运行中的问题,研究相应对策,建立和健全相关制度十分必要。

【Abstract】 "The rule of law is the essence of human rights, the human rights adds the government by law to be equal to the democracy". In order to safeguard the rights of citizens to free from aggression, our country constitution explicitly stipulates, "the national respect and the safeguard human rights". In party’s 16 big reports also "the respect and the safeguard human rights" will be established for the present stage party and the national development profitable target, after this, the Central Party Committee will propose "humanist", "the construction socialism harmonious society" one after another guiding ideology. Obviously, "the government by law, the human rights, the democracy" already became the current administrative law enforcement the subject.The criminal activity legal framework may say is the human rights safeguard last the defense line, but because legislates is imperfect, in Law of Criminal Procedure system and so on some measure like questioning still involved to encroaches upon citizen’s human rights. Indeed, the police when carries out official business, is the protection public interest need, has the male authority to encroach upon the private authority the phenomenon. For instance said the police ID card, is with at will the illegal method, so-called achieves its "the right goal". This is same like extortion of confession by torture, although its goal is possibly correct, but method illegal, certainly is the government by law society does not permit. In the modern democratic country, the instruction law enforcement and the administrative judicature activity has two basic points: One is the rights of citizens said; Two is the government authority limitedly said. Its basic content all lies in: Take the right but the non-authority as a standard, advocated all national activities all should safeguard but is not encroaches upon the citizen or organization’s just rights.Investigated and the penalty illegal crime judicial activity, in the essence is occurs to the country and between individual rights and interests conflict or the struggle. The country in order to maintain the social order, must establish set of effective law enforcements mechanisms, the attack illegal crime. It mainly depends upon using the compelling force achieves this goal, and the pursue efficiency and attack dynamics, emphasized the citizen must obey the country. Using the starting point which forces is society’s stability, but is easy in this process to produce ignores citizen’s individual right negative effect, thus the influence society’s stability, the national right is formidable, individual strength is small and weak, and between individual must realize in the country accurate, objective and fair, must set up a set to be fair, to conform to the nature just law enforcement and the judicial process, the limit state power inflation and forces the method abusing, protects citizen’s personal rights and other legitimate rights and interests. Indeed, compulsory and the prohibition law must be suitable these refuses to accept in the society from or the resisting law person, however we actually cannot therefore said, eliminates the legal rules and regulations object resisting then is the legal control characteristic. Has the absolute authority attempting not in the least constrained to impose its will to these person’s ruler which controls for him, its dominant remarkable characteristic is it often by the ruler issued the high pressure orders to implement its will to maintain its rule.In the reality, the authority and the law extremely are short by the pure form appearance, are many is the authority and the legal mutual see page, mutually affects. The legal first function maintains the order, but maintains the order certainly not necessarily to conform to the just requirement. Is practical feasible and the effective legal system must widely accept take the populace as the foundation, but the considerable amount disaffection and the opposition existence indicates is this legal system one kind of morbid state but the random. Therefore, discovered the police question in the power movement the question, the research corresponding countermeasure, the establishment and the perfect correlation system are extremely essential.

  • 【网络出版投稿人】 四川大学
  • 【网络出版年期】2008年 05期
  • 【分类号】D915.3
  • 【被引频次】3
  • 【下载频次】323
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