【作者】 李春梅；

【导师】 左卫民；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 法律， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 司法鉴定是现代司法证明活动中被广泛使用的一种司法证明方法。它对于指明案件真实起着非常重要的作用，尤其是在刑事诉讼中，鉴定的结果往往决定了被告人是否构成犯罪以及罪轻还是罪重。因此，通过对鉴定程序科学、公正地运作以保证被告人得到公正的审判应当是刑事鉴定制度设立的初衷。而要保证鉴定公正，就应当保障被告人在鉴定程序中享有一定程度上的同等参与权，然而，我国现行的刑事鉴定制度在保障被告人权利方面还存在许多空白，亟待改革。本文主要从以下几方面对我国刑事鉴定制度的改革作一个粗浅探讨，论文主要分为四个部分：第一部分，是鉴定制度的概论部分。简单介绍了司法鉴定的基础理论，根据《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》，重新界定了司法鉴定的涵义，基本原则及其功能；并对我国刑事鉴定制度的基本法律构成情况作了概括性介绍，指明了刑事鉴定制度与被告人权利保障之间的关系。第二部分，通过分析我国刑事鉴定制度在法律规定和实践操作中存在的问题，指出了刑事鉴定制度在保障被告人权利方面的缺陷。首先，从鉴定主体来看：侦查机关鉴定机构的中立性难以保证，目前的法律法规所规定的鉴定人的资格条件仍然比较低；其次，被告人在鉴定启动程序上权利失衡；第三，鉴定人出庭质证制度不完善，被告人的质证权得不到有效保障。第三部分，针对我国刑事鉴定制度存在的问题，提出具体的改革构想。以“鉴定公正”和“被告人权利保障”为原则，改变侦查机关鉴定机构的定位；进一步规范和严格鉴定人资格管理制度；在鉴定启动程序上，“优化”被告人的鉴定启动权；健全和完善鉴定人出庭质证制度，保障被告人对鉴定结论的质证权。更多还原

【Abstract】 Justice identification is one of the identification methods, which is commonly used in modern justice identifying activities. It plays a crucial role in finding out the truth of the cases, especially in the criminal procedure, since the result of the identification commonly decides whether the defendants are guilty or not, and decides the level of the guilt also, if the defendants are guilty. Therefore, it is should be the original intention of the establishment of the criminal identification system to guarantee the defendants gain just judgments by operating identification process scientifically and fairly. In order to guarantee the justice of the judicial identification, the equal right of participating, to some extent, should be ensured to be enjoyed by the defendants. However, there exists too much blank of protecting the defendants’ rights in present criminal identification system, which is needed to be reformed.The reform of the national criminal identification system will be discussed in the following aspects in this dissertation, which includes four parts.Part 1, the introduction of identification system, simply introduces the basic theory of justice identification which was redefined based on The Decision about The Management of Judicial Identification Made By Standing Committee of National People’s Congress.The constitution of basic legislation in the national justice identification system will be introduced generally according to the definition of the relationship between the justice identification system and the defendants. Part 2, The drawbacks of the justice identification system in protecting the defendants’ rights are pointed out by analyzing its problems existing in the regulations and the practical operations. First of all, the neutrality of the investigative identification organization is hard to be ensured, according to the subject of identification because the low qualification of the identifier defined by the legislations and the regulations. Furthermore, the rights of the defendants lose balance in the starting process of identification. Lastly, the system of identifier to give evidence on court is not good enough, and the testifying rights of defendants are not ensured.Part 3, according to the problems in the criminal identification system, bringsup the ideas of the reform--changing the orientation of the identificationdepartment in the investigation institute based on just identification and security of defendants’ rights, regulating the management system of the identification-maker’s certification further strictly, improving the identification start right in identification start process, perfecting the system of identifier to give evidence on court, guaranteeing the testifying rights of the identified result.更多还原