【作者】 张林；

【导师】 曾瑞炎；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 川陕苏区建立前的社会、经济、政治状况和土地问题的极其严重性使得这一地区的人们迫切要求改变其被压迫的地位和土地占有关系不平等的局面。因此，在红四方面军入川后不久就大规模地掀起了以“土地改革”为中心的乡村社会革命。川陕苏区党和苏维埃政府制订了一系列的符合川陕苏区实际的土地法令和相关政策，从而使得这一时期的土地革命得到了广泛深入开展并取得了阶段性的成效。川陕苏区的土地改革运动既是一场政治、经济革命深刻影响了川陕苏区的历史进程，更是一次深刻的社会革命，它还强烈地震动了农村社会的基本结构。土地改革树立了贫下中农优势，并建立起新型的农村基层政权，把领导权落实到了乡村社会的最基层。土地改革是一场政治运动，运动之所以能推行，不仅有完善的切合实际的运动理论和运行模式，更要有一套有效的基层权力运行结构。以“土地改革”为中心的乡村社会革命除了要充分发动群众外，还必须具有相应的属于自己的政权和组织。党和苏维埃政权必须采用一切力量和方法将这些已经分配的土地在农民中稳固起来，只有这样才能巩固土地革命的胜利成果。川陕苏区各级苏维埃政权的建立和发展完善正确地引导了该苏区各项工作的开展并为土地革命的顺利进行提供了政权保障；同时，在土地革命过程中也涌现出了一大批优秀先进的工农分子，他们积极参加到了苏维埃各级政权工作中去，为各级苏维埃政权的建设提供了新鲜的血液和活力，从而保证了各级苏维埃政权尤其是基层政权工作的顺利进行。因此，以土地改革为中心的乡村社会革命与苏区各级政权(尤其是乡村基层政权)的建设之间形成了一种良性的互动关系。本文的研究正是从土地改革和基层政权建设这两方面出发，通过对第二次国内革命战争时期川陕苏区的土地革命与基层权力结构变迁的考察与调查，在资料收集的基础上，探索土地革命与基层政权建设之间的有效互动。然而，在苏维埃基层政权建设和土地革命运动中所进行的乡村社会革命中确实还存在着一些矛盾和问题，这些课题都还有待学者们做进一步的深入研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Before the Sichuan-Shannxi Soviet Area was established, the extreme seriousness of social, economical and political status and land problem in this area made the local people press for a change about their oppressed life and inequality of land ownership. Therefore, after entering Sichuan, the Red Four Front Armies soon started a social revolution in the rural area centered upon "land reform" by a large margin. The Sichuan-Shannxi Soviet Area Party and the Soviet government stipulated a series of land laws and relevant policies matching with the local reality, enabling the wide and deep expansion and period achievement of the land reform at that time. The land reform movement in Sichuan-Shannxi Soviet Area was not only a political and economic revolution which greatly affected the historical development of this area, but also a deep social revolution which intensively shaked the basic structure of the rural area society. The land reform built the superiority of the middle and low class peasants, and it also established a new type of gross root regime in the rural area, making the leadership get to the hands of the lowest class in the rural area.The land reform was a political movement. The reason why it could be carried out is that it had not only a fully-developed and practical movement theory and running mode, but also a set of effective power running structures of the gross roots. Apart from fully mobilizing the public, the rural area social revolution centered upon "land reform" should also have its own individual and relevant regime and organization. The Party and Soviet government should take all the strategies and use all the strengths to fix the land ownership which has been assigned to peasants. Only in this way could the fruit of land reform be consolidated.The establishment and the development of the Sichuan-Shannxi Soviet Area had directed the starting of all levels of work in this area and had supplied the regime with guarantee for the smooth implement of land reform. Meantime, numbers of outstanding workers and peasants emerged during the movement. They played an active part in different levels of Soviet regime, offering fresh blood and vigor for the construction of all levels of Soviet regime. Thus it had guaranteed the smooth implement of all the work in all levels of Soviet regime especially the gross roots regime. Therefore, a benign interaction relationship had been built between the rural area revolution centered upon the land reform and construction of all levels of Soviet regime especially of gross roots regime in the rural area.The research of this article just begins from both land reform and construction of gross roots regime. Based on the collection of data and information, it tries to explore the effective interaction between the land reform and construction of gross roots regime through reviews and survey on the land reform in Sichuan-Shannxi Soviet Area during the Second Civil War and the transition of the power structure in the gross roots. However, there still remain some problems and inconsistency in the rural area revolution carried out during the construction of Soviet gross roots regime and the land reform. All these topics are waiting for the further research of scholars.更多还原