【作者】 张建昆；

【导师】 李思敏；

【作者基本信息】 河北工程大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以邯郸市滏阳河水为水源,对生物砂滤处理微污染原水生物特性及除浊机理进行了研究,分析了生物砂滤对微污染原水中有机物、氨氮、浊度、铁、锰等的去除情况,探讨了去除污染物的影响因素,并应用属性层次模型对其进行了分析;重点对生物砂滤柱中的生物量和生物活性进行了分析,探讨了挂膜方式、水温、反冲洗等因素对生物量和生物活性的影响,对生物膜的厚度进行了直接显微法测定和理论计算,并对生物砂滤柱的充氧性能进行了分析;探讨了生物砂滤柱的除浊机理。试验结果表明:常温正常运行条件下,生物砂滤柱对COD_Mn、TOC、UV₂₅₄、DOC、SCOD的平均去除率分别为34.55%、33.65%、22.85%、40.02%、50.13%;对NH₄⁺-N和NO₂^--N的去除率为74.47%～91.86%和68.24%～92.26%;对铁、锰去除率分别为65.51%～86.47%和69.88%～84.18%;对色度的平均去除率为57.79%。分析了水温、基质浓度、滤速等因素对污染物去除的影响,应用AHM属性层次模型得出其权重分别为0.301、0.251和0.115。生物砂滤柱稳定运行后,平均单位重量载体的生物量为31.03nmolP/g/填料,生物活性为0.123 mgO₂ /h·g,生物膜的平均厚度为50～84μm,生物膜上的微生物沿水流方向自上而下减少;温度对生物量影响较小,但对生物活性影响较大,温度越低生物活性越小;反冲洗对生物量存在一定影响,反冲洗后生物量有所减少,最大减少率为22%,但反冲洗后生物活性增加。对生物砂滤柱的曝气充氧性能进行了探讨,结果表明氧传质系数和曝气强度有较好的相关性,成正比关系;当曝气量为0.10m³/h和0.20m³/h时,填装滤料后氧传质系数明显增大,氧传质系数分别提高了23.93%和19.39%;但随着曝气量的增加两者逐渐接近。试验研究表明,生物砂滤柱对浊度的去除率为56.05%～82.38%,生物砂滤处理微污染原水除浊机理是机械沉淀、生物絮凝、生物氧化作用等共同作用的结果;同时原水浊度、进水COD_Mn、UV₂₅₄等均与出水浊度有一定的相关性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Taking the Fuyang river as source waterthe problems of biological sand filter’s biological character and mechanism of removal turbidity in micro-polluted water were studied in this paper. It was studied biological sand filter removing organic matters, NH₄⁺-N, NO₂^--N, turbidity, Fe and Mn through pilot-plant experiments. Furthermore, several factors considered affecting biological sand filter had been examined. Analytic Hierarchy Model was used to analysing affecting factors. Further, the thickness of biofilm was confirmed by microscope and calculated. The paper was studied on biomass and microbial activity in biological sand filter. It was investigated the influence of biomass and bioactivity under different temperature, start-up methods and backwash, Analyzed the oxygenize performance.The results show biological sand filter can remove various pollutants effectively. The removal rates of COD_Mn, TOC, UV₂₅₄, DOC and SCOD are 34.55%, 33.65%, 22.85%, 40.02% and 50.13%, respectively; The removal rates of NH4+-N and NO2--N can reach 74.47% to 91.86% and 68.24% to 92.26%; The removal rates of Fe and Mn can reach 65.51% to 86.47% and 69.88% to 84.18%; The removal rates of colourity can reach 44.44% to 66.67%. It was measurement separately with natural operating situation at normal temperature. The factors such as temperature, substrate concentration and filtering velocity are analyzed in this paper. It applied Analytic Hierarchy Model for analyzing affecting factors, the results show that temperature, substrate concentration and filter velocity were the important factors. Their weights are respectively 0.301, 0.251, 0.115.After the biological sand filter stabilization operated, the biomass and bioactivity of biological sand filter are 31.03nmolP/g and 0.123 mgO₂ /h·g, the thickness of biofilm was 50～84μm, The influence of temperature for biomass is smaller, but the bioactivity is bigger. The change of biomass and microbial activity in biological sand filter by backwashing. The results show that the max reduced rate of biomass in biological sand filter is 22%, the bioactivity is enhanced.Oxygenation performance of biological sand filter is investigated, the index of mass transfer and aeration coefficient has good correlation; When aeration are 0.10m³/h and 0.20m³/h, after packing filter material the index of mass transfer enhanced 23.93% and 19.39%, but they gradually approach with the increment of aeration.The results show that the removal rates of turbidity can reach 56.05% to 82.38%, the mechanism of removal turbidity can be considered the common effectiveness of mechanical deposition, biological flocculation and bio-oxidation. Then, it has good correlation that effluent turbidity with inflow turbidity, COD_Mn, UV₂₅₄.更多还原