【作者】 杨久坡；

【导师】 李福勤；

【作者基本信息】 河北工程大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 在RO工艺中防止膜污染是系统正常、高效运行的关键,在RO系统污染的几个类型中,微生物污染具有其特殊性,是造成系统运行困难的主要原因之一。通过对地表水、地下水、自来水以及废水回用水为原水的反渗透预处理系统试验分析,认为地表水和废水回用由于水中污染杂质较多,有机物和微生物含量较多,对反渗透系统产生微生物污染的危害更大,合理和有效的预处理是预防微生物污染的关键,试验表明,超滤可以有效去除水中胶体和悬浮物质,出水SDI值一般在2以下,结合杀菌处理,可以有效预防反渗透系统的微生物污染,通过对UV254、CODMn、TOC的测定分析,建立了以滏阳河为水源的UV254与CODMn、TOC的线性相关方程;UV254操作简单、快捷准确,是水中有机物的良好替代参数,不仅可以作为RO进水中有机物的控制指标,而且可以作为微生物污染预测的监控指标。微生物污染解剖试验分析表明,严重的微生物污染薄膜成网状粘联结构,分析到的主要成分有白蛋白、苯环类、脂肪酸和芳香烃类等有机物,可观察到的微生物有球菌、杆菌、霉菌和藻类。以地表水为水源的反渗透膜微生物污染清洗试验表明,清洗方案为先碱洗,后酸洗,最后杀菌消毒,清洗配方为0.2%NaOH→0.2%HCl→1%甲醛,并通过工业性试验得到验证,具有较大的应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The key to the reverse osmosis system running efficiently is that avoiding the pollution of membrane. Among several pollutions of reverse osmosis, the bio-fouling is one of the main reasons which cause the system running trouble.Based on the analysis of reverse osmosis’s pretreatment system for the feeding water as surface water, groundwater, tap water and reclaimed water, the test shows that the surface water and reclaimed water, with high content of organic matters and microorganism, will cause larger harm to reverse osmosis’s bio-fouling. But the reasonable and effective pretreatment is the key to prevent reverse osmosis’s bio-fouling. Various experiments indicate that the ultra filtration can effectively remove the colloids and suspended solids in source water. The SDI value of effluent water can be controlled in a low level, which is generally below 2. Combined with bactericidal treatment, it can effectively prevent reverse osmosis system from bio-fouling. By the measuring and analysis of CODMn, TOC and UV254 ,the relative relationship of CODMn, TOC and UV254 in the production of pure-water is obtained in this dissertation which shows that UV254, CODMn and TOC have a well linear relationship. UV254 measuring is easy, quick and exact, which is the replaceable parameter for organic matters in water. It is reasonable to use UV254 as the controlling indicators for organic matters of influence of reverse osmosis. It also can be used as the controlling indicators for membrane bio-fouling in the prophase. When the bio-fouling membrane was anatomized, it shows that the bio-fouling membrane are meshy and coupling, whose primary ingredients are organics matter such as albumin, benzene ring, hydroxyl acid, fatty acid and so on, as well as microorganisms such as cocci, bacilli, leaf mold, alga and so on. The test of cleaning the RO membrane’s bio-fouling substance shows that adopting alkali-acid-sterilization the cleaning method is the best method. The author used 0.2%NaOH→0.2%HCl→1% formaldehyde solution to clean the membrane. The technique has more popularizing and application values.更多还原