【作者】 潘婕；

【导师】 雷振扬；

【作者基本信息】 中南民族大学 ， 法学理论， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 人民调解制度是我国非诉讼纠纷解决机制的重要组成部分,与国家社会的稳定、法治的建构等息息相关。在法制的现代化进程中,各国司法都曾经或正在面对诉讼的压力。利用民间纠纷解决机制分流法院压力、重视建立多元化纠纷解决机制,已被认为是一种行之有效的办法并在实践中不断的得到验证。“民间纠纷解决机制抚慰与合意的性质对于社会具有很强的吸引力,能够满足两种皆大欢喜的利益结合:一种利益是关注提供给个人的司法的质量和可接近性;另一种利益是能够应付严重的法院拥塞和飞涨的法院成本。”①ADR思潮在西方法治发展高度文明的国家蓬勃势头不可阻挡。被借鉴者誉为“东方经验”的人民调解制度的便捷性、效率性、低耗性等优势,正是它被当今现代化社会发展所需求的重要因素。反观我国人民调解制度的发展,由于立法上的不完善和制度改革上的落后,近20年呈急剧下降趋势。急速攀升的诉讼压力给我们敲响了警钟,司法诉讼机制在解决民间纠纷方面的局限性凸现,理论界与实务界越来越关注非诉讼纠纷解决机制尤其是历史上一度辉煌的人民调解制度的作用。本文从社会转型时期的人民调解制度入手,运用社会学和法学研究的方法,将人民调解与现有的其他调解方式比较,分析了人民调解制度本身的特性,指出它是依靠人民群众的力量进行自我教育、自我管理和自我服务,是解决民间纠纷的一种自治活动。本文认为,在社会转型时期,人民调解制度所具有的便捷、高效以及重视个人利益实际需求的基本特点,符合了社会主义市场经济的需要;人民调解制度倡导的“和为贵”、“协商共处”的基本思想顺应了构建和谐社会的总体目标;法治社会的构建,需要人民调解制度添砖加瓦。同时,社会转型这一特殊时期,对人民调解制度提出了新的挑战。旧的模式与运作机制已经制约了人民调解制度的发展,滞后的发展现状与现代转型社会对人民调解制度的需求矛盾日益明显。如何对现行的人民调解制度进行改善与完善,是本文探讨的重点问题。本文主要运用理论阐述和实证分析相结合的方法,通过对社会转型期人民调解制度面临的机遇和挑战的描述和分析,揭示我国人民调解制度发展的特性和困境,分析阻碍其发展的主要原因,同时提出了可行的改革方案。文章除导论部分外,分为四个部分:第一部分我国人民调解制度的基本状况;第二部分阐述人民调解制度在社会转型时期的价值与作用;第三部分分析社会转型期我国人民调解制度面临的挑战;第四部分提出改革与完善我国人民调解制度的设想。本文的创新之处在于,从法社会学的视角分析人民调解制度的属性,从社会转型的大背景出发,寻找超越发展困境的对策,具有明显的时代性和现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 People mediation system is an important component of our nonlegal system to settle the disputes, closely related to the national and social stability and the advantages of nomocracy. In the modernization process of nomocracy development, judicature of every country has been or will be faced with the pressure from lawsuit. It is regarded as an well-proven method in continuous practice to take the advantage of unofficial system to settle the disputes to reduce the pressure for the courthouse, attach importance to multiple settlements for disputes in order to protect the authority of the courthouses and effective utility of judicatory resources. Unofficial system to settle disputes sympathetic feature have strong appeals to society and can combine two kinds of interests: one is attention to quality and approachability of judicature provided to individuals; the other is the ability to deal with serious congestions in courthouses and the skyrocketing courthouse cost. It is impossible to stop ADR trend of thought in western countries where nomocracy development claims to be highly civilized. Mediation system in our country is just the matrix of ADR, highly commended by the borrowers as oriental experience. Convenience, efficiency, low-consumption and etc. of people mediation system are the main factors why it is needed in the development of modern society. In contrast, due to imperfect legislation and system reform quite behind the age the development of our people mediation system declines sharply. The surging up lawsuit pressure sounds the alarm for us. During the transformation from a society indulging in judicial supremacy to an initial modern society, the limitations of lawsuit in settling civil disputes highlights itself. Both theorists and practice circle pay more and more attention to nonlegal system to settle disputes, especially the role of people mediation system which ever distinguished.Starting with people mediation system, from the perspective of sociology and law, this thesis compares with other existing mediation methods and analyzes the characteristics of people’s mediation system, a self-rule activity– to settle civil disputes relying on peoples’self-education, self-management and self-service. In the next place, during the social transformation, convenience, high-efficiency and maintaining the basic requirements of people’s interest which people mediation system possesses just accords with the demand of socialism market economy. Besides, the concept of Harmony is precious and Coexistence through Negotiation that people mediation system advocates has been adapted to the general targets to construct a harmonious society. Moreover, constructing a law-rule society requires the people mediation system to make its contribution. People mediation system is faced with new challenges in the special period of social transformation. The old mode of people mediation system and operation mechanism can no more satisfy the demands from modern society but restricting its development, challenges and opportunities. How to improve the existing people mediation system constitutes the most important part of this thesis.With the combination of demonstration analysis and theory elaboration, by depicting and analyzing the opportunities and challenges faced by people mediation system, this thesis reveals the characteristics and predicament of our people mediation system development; analyses the main reasons which shackle its development by expounding pertinent theory; conclude feasible reforming programs.Besides introduction part, the whole thesis consists of four parts: the first part elaborates the basic theory of our people mediation system; the second part analyzes the role and value of our people mediation system; the third part analyzes the challenges it faced; the fourth part conceives reform and improvement of our people mediation systemThe innovation of this thesis lies in orienting the attributes of people mediation system from the perspective of sociology, seeking countermeasures beyond development predicament with the background of social transformation, provided with evident contemporary and practical significance.更多还原