【作者】 侯秀丽；

【导师】 李富平；

【作者基本信息】 河北理工学院 ， 采矿工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 矿业开发在为经济建设作出巨大贡献的同时,也带来了一系列的生态环境问题,特别是对土地的扰动和植被的破坏,解决这些环境问题方法就是对其进行生态重建,但矿业开发破坏的植被靠自然恢复是相当缓慢的,所以必须进行人为的干预。人类如何根据矿区的特点采取合理措施加快采矿废弃地的生态重建是问题的关键所在,在实际生态重建中检验该政策导向的合理性不仅需要相当长时间,而且可能造成巨大的浪费。近年来兴起的计算机模拟技术为人为政策干预生态重建的预测创造了条件,应用计算机模拟技术进行矿区生态重建的模拟对矿区生态重建方案的优化选择具有重要意义。本文以迁安市首钢马兰庄铁矿废石场生态重建方案计算机模拟为例进行了研究。主要完成的内容如下:⑴矿区地理实体的数字化。利用Delphi5.0强大的图形处理控件逐点扫描完成矿区地理实体的位置、形状、大小及其分布特征诸多方面空间数据的数字化,采用相似变换方法确定数字化图的缩放比例、旋转角度等。⑵运用了兼顾“功能性”与“均衡性”的综合评价模型对不同的地理单元进行了综合评价,实现了矿区中不同地理单元客观条件的量化。其量化结果作为矿区生态重建的动态模拟的客观依据,也是确定动态模拟演化规则的前提。⑶首次把元胞自动机理论这种“自下而上”的建模框架应用于矿区生态重建的研究中,通过研究矿区地理单元之间的相互作用来模拟矿区这个复杂系统的整体行为。在方法论上改变了传统的用复杂方程从整体上描述复杂系统的建模方法。矿区生态重建元胞自动机模型是一种特殊的地理元胞自动机模型,矿区中地理单元的空间信息和空间数据信息主要体现在宏观和微观两个角度。在微观尺度上引入了数据库作为空间数据的管理。在地理单元之间相互作用的转换规则上主要通过数学函数予以量化定义,改变了传统模拟条件的模糊性。这对研究矿区生态重建开拓了新的思路并找到了新的切入点。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mine exploitation contributes to economic construction, but a series of ecological environment problem is rising along with it. Especially the soil is disturbed and vegetation cover is destroyed in the process of mine exploitation. The best way to solve these problems mentioned above is ecological restoration in mining area. It is very slow that destructive vegetation cover is to restore naturally, so it is necessary for the process of ecological restoration that mankind intervene it. How to take reasonable measures based on character of the mining area is the sticking point for ecological restoration. If we test some measures in practice, it not only needs many ages, but also wastes manpower and material resources. In recent years the developing computer simulation technique makes it possible to forecast tendency of ecological restoration under the direction of mankind’s measures. Therefore it is greatly significant for optimizing scheme to apply the computer simulation technique to ecological restoration in mining area.Taken MaLanZhuang mines district in Qian’an in HeBei Province as a case, the paper simulates the dynamic process of ecological restoration in spoil ground (dumping site) of it. The contents involved in it as following:⑴Geographic entities are digitized in mining area. The data about Position, shape, dimension and distribution about geographic entities is digitized by scanning these points of it by utilizing Delphi5.0’s relative function. Similarity transformation defines zoom scale and traversing angel in the process of digitization.⑵The paper applies functional and balanced overall merit to evaluation of different geographic units. It realizes quantification of objective condition. The dynamic simulation of ecological restoration is according to these results of overall merit, and these results are precondition for the rules that determine the tendency of simulation.⑶The theory of Cellular Automata that is a method for researching complex system from parts to whole, is firstly used in ecological restoration in mining area, the paper analyzes effect between geographic cells to simulate the whole complex system of mining area. In the methodological aspect it changes traditional method that makes use of complex equation to analyze the whole system. Cellular Automata about ecological restoration in mining area is a kind of especial Geographic Cellular Automata (GeoCA). The spatial information and spatial data about geographic cells comports mostly in both of macroscopic view and microscopic view. In microscopic scale the data base is used for managing spatial data. The transforming rule which determines developing tendency between geographic cells is defined by mathematical function, which solves the problem of fuzzy conditional factor in the process of simulation.更多还原