【作者】 汪关才；

【导师】 卢忠远；

【作者基本信息】 西南科技大学 ， 材料学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 不饱和聚酯树脂(UPR)以其独特的优点而广泛应用于交通、化工、建材等领域。但其氧指数仅为19.6%,属易燃产品。同时由于其碳氢含量高,一旦着火燃烧,会产生大量有毒气体和黑烟。针对UPR的阻燃目前仍以卤系(尤其是溴系)阻燃剂为主,但卤系阻燃剂在燃烧时会产生大量有毒且具腐蚀性的气体,这会对环境造成严重危害。欧盟“RoHS”指令严厉声明:2006年7月1日以后投放欧盟市场的电气类产品不得含有多溴联苯等有害的卤系阻燃剂。咎于此,本论文研究了水镁石矿物/氢氧化铝/聚磷酸铵(FB/ATH/APP)、镁铝硅酸盐矿物/膨胀型阻燃剂(SM/IFR)及磷钼(钨)酸铵/SM/IFR三类无卤矿物复合阻燃剂对UPR阻燃、抑烟性能的影响及各自在UPR中的作用机理。首先,在UPR/水镁石矿物/ATH/APP、UPR/镁铝硅酸盐矿物/IFR两大矿物类复合阻燃材料中,本文用XRD、SEM、DTA-TG、FTIR及激光粒度仪等测试手段对各矿物阻燃剂的纯度、形貌、热稳定性及改性效果等进行分析表征。用氧指数、垂直燃烧、烟密度、力学、电学等性能测试方法研究了矿物复合阻燃剂对UPR各性能的影响。用锥形量热仪和DSC-TG对阻燃复合材料的燃烧热分解行为进行了详细的分析讨论。结果表明,加入水镁石/ATH/APP、镁铝硅酸盐矿物/IFR两类复合阻燃剂可使得UPR的氧指数从19.6%分别上升至33.8%和36.4%。此外文中还采用SEM、XRD、FTIR对各体系燃烧后炭层的形貌及成分进行了分析。在此基础上,进一步探讨了各矿物复合阻燃剂在UPR中的阻燃、抑烟机理。其次,为了解决UPR燃烧发烟量大的问题,本文通过分子设计的思想,采用化学沉淀法将具有良好阻燃作用的磷、氮元素和高效抑烟作用的钼、钨元素在分子尺度上进行复合,合成了磷钼酸铵(AMP)和磷钼钨酸铵(AMTP)两类阻燃抑烟剂。基于它们与UPR相容性差、易渗出等问题,文中用三聚氰胺甲醛树脂所制备的微胶囊,采用原位聚合法对AMP和AMTP进行表面包覆处理。研究中借助XRD、SEM、EDS、FTIR及激光粒度仪等对制备的粉体及微胶囊进行分析表征。采用氧指数、垂直燃烧、烟密度等性能测试方法研究了微胶囊包覆AMP、AMTP对纯UPR及UPR/镁铝硅酸盐矿物/IFR两类材料阻燃、抑烟性能的影响。另外还采用DSC-TG对AMP、AMTP的热分解行为进行了研究并由此分析讨论了AMP、AMTP在UPR中的的阻燃、抑烟机理。更多还原

【Abstract】 Unsaturated polyester resin(UPR) is used to traffic, chemistry and architecture industry extensively due to its inimitable merits, but UPR is ignited easily and limiting oxygen index(LOI) is 19.6%. Also, during the process of combustion of UPR, a great deal of noxious gas and heavy smoke will release because of much carbon, hydrogen element. At present, halogen flame retardant, especially bromine system was used widely still for UPR, but once ignited halogen flame retardant will release a great deal of noxious and caustic gas which is bad for entironment. In Europe, Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive(RoHS) announces unambiguously that from July first, 2006 electronic plastic production imported to Europe can not contain halogen flame retardant, especially polybrominated biphenyls. The thesis is just based on the instruction. During the research, the influence of three non-halogen mineral composite flame retardant of brucite mineral/aluminum hydroxide/ammonium polyphosphate(FB/ ATH/APP), magnesium, aluminum silicate mineral/intumescent flame retardant(SM/IF R) and ammonium molybdophosphate(ammonium molybdotungstophosphate)/SM/IFR on flame retardancy, smoke suppression of UPR and flame retarding, smoke suppressing mechanism of themselves are studied basically.Firstly, to study the two kinds of mineral flame retarded composite of UPR/fiber brucite mineral/aluminum hydroxide/ammonium polyphosphate(UPR/FB/ATH/APP) and UPR/magnesium, aluminum silicate mineral/intumescent flame retardant(UPR/SM /IFR), composition, microcosmic appearance, thermal stability and surface modification of all mineral flame retardant are tested by moden testing methods, such as XRD, SEM, DTA-TG, FTIR and laser granulometer, etc. In this thesis, the influence of mineral composite flame retardant on multi-performance of UPR, including flame retardancy, smoke suppression, mechanical and electrical performance are studi- ed by limiting oxygen index(LOI), UL94, smoke density rate(SDR), etc. In virtue of Cone Calorimeter(CONE) and DSC-TG, thermal decomposing process of UPR flame retarded composite are analysed detailedly. The results indicate that LOI of composites came to respectively 33.8% and 36.4% from 19.6% of pure UPR when FB/ATH/APP and SM/IFR composite flame retardant are used. Also microcosmic appearance, composition of charring layer after combustion and flame retarding, smoke suppressing mechanism of mineral composite flame retardant are investigated.Secondly, in order to resolve the issue of releasing heavy smoke during combustion, in the thesis, by means of the molecule design, phosphorus, nitrogen element with predominant flame retardancy and molybdenum, tungsten element with excellent smoke suppression are combined together according to molecular scale and two kinds of flame retardant and smoke suppressing reagent, ammonium molybdophosphate(AMP) and ammonium molybdotungstophosphate(AMTP) are synthesized via chemical deposition. Due to bad compatibility with polymer and exudation from composite, AMP and AMTP are coated by melamine formaldehyde resin microcapsule with in situ polymerization. AMP, AMTP and their melamine formaldehyde resin microcapsule are tested by moden testing methods, such as XRD, SEM, EDS, FTIR and laser granulometer, etc. The influence of AMP and AMTP coated by microcapsule on flame retardancy, smoke suppression of the two system of pure UPR and UPR/magnesium, aluminum silicate mineral/intumescent flame retardant(UPR/SM/IFR) are studied by LOI, UL94, SDR, etc. In virtue of DSC-TG, thermal decomposing process of AMP and AMTP are analysed detailedly. Based on these thermal decomposing data, flame retarding, smoke suppressing mechanism of AMP, AMTP are studied.更多还原