节点文献
无线传感器网络自身定位算法研究
Research of the Self-Localization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks
【作者】 许秀兰;
【导师】 赵仕俊;
【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 , 计算机应用技术, 2007, 硕士
【摘要】 无线传感器网络是集无线通信、数据采集和信息处理功能于一体的新兴的分布式自组织数据采集网络,在军事和民用领域中都有着广泛的应用前景。节点定位是无线传感器网络重要的共性支撑技术之一,对其研究具有非常重要的意义。本课题介绍了节点定位技术与节点定位算法的性能标准,并对无线传感器网络距离无关自身定位算法进行了深入研究。通过对几种典型的距离无关自身定位算法的分析和比较,得出目前的距离无关自身定位算法存在的问题:无法定位的节点参与定位计算过程,导致计算开销和通信开销的增大,也影响了平均定位误差;锚节点密度对定位算法的定位精度和覆盖率影响较大。针对以上问题,在DV-Hop定位算法的基础上,提出了一种改进算法,从三个方面来提高算法性能:一是从降低平均定位误差方面,对无法定位的节点进行了分析,建立了无法定位的节点的排除方案;二是从降低通信开销方面,引入了中间节点,通过中间节点确定消息的接收和转发;三是从提高定位覆盖率方面,增加定位优化阶段,对已定位的节点升级为锚节点,并引入了加权最小二乘估计的方法迭代循环定位。通过对仿真模拟器NS-2的无线模块、路由协议和应用层协议的扩展,建立了实验仿真平台。在仿真平台上,对改进的定位算法进行了性能分析和与DV-Hop定位算法的比较。仿真结果表明,改进的定位算法其平均定位误差、通信开销和覆盖率性能更优。
【Abstract】 Many applications are based on node localization in WSN. In this paper, we discuss node localization technologies, localization criterion, and range-free localization algorithms. Through analysis and comparison, there were three problems in the range-free algorithms: they rely on anchor nodes too much, which limit the localization precision and coverage rate; the nodes that can’t be localized increase the spending of computing and communication, and affect the average positioning error. Considering the disadvantages, our approach improves the localization performance in three aspects on the basis of the DV-Hop algorithm: firstly, to reduce the average localization error, we analyze the nodes that can’t localize, and set up the scheme to get rid of them; secondly, to reduce the traffic, we add the middle node that controls the nodes receiving and sending the information package restrictively; thirdly, to improve localization coverage rate, we make the localized nodes to be anchor nodes . By NS-2 simulator, we compare and analyze the algorithm performances. The results show that it reduces its average localization error, communication and increase coverage rate.
【Key words】 Wireless Sensor Networks; range-free localization algorithm; anchor-free; anchor-based localization; DV-Hop algorithm;
- 【网络出版投稿人】 中国石油大学 【网络出版年期】2008年 04期
- 【分类号】TP212.9;TN929.5
- 【下载频次】367