【作者】 陈琳；

【导师】 赵仕俊；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 无线传感器网络是由大量能量受限的传感器节点组织成的无中心结构的无线自组织多跳网络。无线传感器节点体积微小,携带的电池能量有限,研究节约能量的机制是无线传感器网络中一项非常重要的工作。拓扑控制是节能机制的一项重要研究内容,它研究如何在保证网络连通性和覆盖度的情况下,优化网络拓扑结构。介绍了无线传感器网络的基本概念和相关技术,总结了拓扑控制的主要研究方向,针对层次型拓扑控制结构作了深入的研究。阐述了层次型拓扑控制的理论基础及网络模型,对网络生命周期的定义方法进行了理论和实验讨论,研究了该方向的几种典型算法,实现了算法的仿真,并对实验数据作出了分析比较。针对目前大部分骨干网构造算法中,只采用单一权值作为骨干节点选举标准的情况,提出了一种组合权值方法,均衡了每个权值因子的影响,实验结果表明改进的权值可以优化生成的骨干网性能。最后,提出了一种基于分簇结构的骨干网构造算法。该算法在将网络划分为若干多跳簇结构的基础上,在簇内实施连通支配集构造算法优化簇内结构,形成层次型的网络拓扑结构。由于算法引入了能量较强的节点担任簇头,可以克服簇头节点过早死亡的问题,有效延长网络寿命。实验结果表明,算法在高密度的网络中,可以明显优化网络的拓扑结构,具有能量高效性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wireless sensor network, which is consisted of a huge number ofenergy-limited sensor nodes, is a self-organization, multi-hop, wirelessnetwork without fixed infrastructure. Considering the limited batterycapacity, it is an important work to study energy conserving mechanism.Topology control is an important content of energy conserving mechanism,it aims for an optimized network topology which can guarantee networkconnectivity and coverage. The basic conceptions and technologies ofwireless sensor network are introduced in this paper, which summarize themain research methods and especially study hierarchical topology structure.The theory and network model are introduced, the definition of networklife is analyzed, and in this context, a few typical algorithms are analyzedand compared. Many backbone construction algorithms are based on asingle weight, so a combined weight is introduced here, which isdemonstrated to have a good performance and make a compromisebetween different weights. At last, an energy-efficient virtual backboneconstruction algorithm based on clustering is brought up, which divides thenetwork into muti-hop clusters. Connected dominating sets are constructedin clusters, and a hierarchical topology is finally built up. Nodes with highenergy are used to prolong the lives of clusterheads. Experiments demonstrate that the algorithm can improve the network topology andprolong the life of the network, especially in network of high density.更多还原