优秀赛艇运动员不同应激状态下瘦素等激素变化的研究

【作者】 丁轶华；

【导师】 曾凡星； 郭晓燕；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 运动人体科学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 目的:本研究以男女公开级优秀赛艇运动员为研究对象,探讨在不同应激状态下血清瘦素(leptin)、皮质醇(C)、睾酮(T)以及血睾酮/皮质醇(T/C)比值的变化情况,期望发现血清瘦素可以评估运动应激的变化,即血清瘦素水平可以作为优秀男女赛艇运动员在不同应激状态下训练代谢机能适应的主要评估指标之一,以此为赛艇训练的科学化监控提供更灵敏、可靠的指标。研究方法:14名公开级优秀赛艇运动员(男女各7名)进行3周大运动量训练和一周的减量训练。分别在训练前(PT)、大运动量训练后(HT)以及减量训练后(TP)对血清瘦素、皮质醇、睾酮以及常规生化指标尿素氮(BUN)、肌酸激酶(CK)、血红蛋白(HB)进行检测。并在阶段性训练前后对赛艇专项运动能力进行测试。瘦素的检测方法为双位免疫法。大运动量和减量训练期的平均运动时间分别为:22小时/周和8.2小时/周。结果: 1.整个训练周期中女子赛艇运动员血清leptin安静值均高于男子,3周的大运动量训练使女子血清leptin安静值显著减低(从7.73 +2.63到4.32 +1.28 ng.ml-1 ,P <0.05),低的leptin水平在减量恢复期显著回升(10.69 +4.31 ng.ml-1),并且leptin的变化独立于体脂成分的变化。男子血清leptin和皮质醇安静值在整个训练周期中呈现同样的变化趋势但没有统计学意义。女子皮质醇安静值在减量恢复期后显著升高,但是在大运动量训练期没有显著性变化。整个训练周期中男女血清睾酮、T/C比值没有显著性变化。2.和训练前相比较,男女BUN显著下降,HB显著升高(女子)或者稳定不变(男子),CK没有显著性变化。3.阶段性训练后男女赛艇运动员乳酸阈功率显著提高。测功仪2000米最大功成绩没有显著性变化。结论: 1.女子赛艇运动员血清leptin安静值随不同应激状态呈周期性变化,并且独立于体脂成分的变化。同时,血清Leptin和运动量负相关,且对于运动量的变化较其他激素敏感,提示血清leptin安静值可以作为女子赛艇运动员在不同应激状态下训练代谢机能适应的主要评估指标之一;大运动量训练后血清leptin下降可能是过度训练的早期信号。2.男女赛艇运动员同样应激状态下leptin的不同变化说明leptin对于运动的反应存在着性别差异,即运动训练对女子leptin的影响大于男子。同时,运动量的增加使女性皮质醇增加而男性没有变化,提示女性比男性更容易受到增加的运动应激的影响。女子减量期后皮质醇水平未和运动成绩平行变化说明了皮质醇的反应存在滞后期。3.阶段性训练后使男女运动员有氧耐力得到发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the influence of different training stress on fasting concentrations of plasma leptin, cortisol, testosterone and testosterone cortisol ratio in elite rowers.Methods: Fourteen National male (N =7) and famale (N =7) rowers underwent a 3-week period of heavy training and a 1-week tapering training. The fasting plasma leptin, cortisol, and testosterone were measured before (PT) and after (HT) the heavy training period and after the following tapering period (TP). Leptin concentrations were measured in duplicate by radioimmunoassay. Mean training time of the 3-week heavy training period and 1-week tapering period was 22.0 h.week-1 and 8.2 h.week-1, respectively. An individual 2,000 m rowing test and lactate anaerobic threshold (LAT) were also measured before HT and after TP to assess training efficacy.Result: In women, the 3-week heavy training induced a significant reduction (p<0.05) in the fasting leptin concentration from 7.73 +2.63 to 4.32 +1.28 ng.ml-1. Fasting plasma leptin was significantly increased in TP (10.69 +4.31 ng.ml-1). The decrease in leptin levels was independent of body mass and fat. Meanwhile, resting cortisol of PT did not significantly alter in HT in spite of a significant increase in TP. The fasting plasma leptin and cortisol in male had the same tendency during the study compared with women, but did not reach statistical significance (P >0.05). No significant change in testosterone and testosterone cortisol ratio was found throughout the whole study period (P >0.05). LAT was significantly improved after the training period in both man and woman, while the 2,000 m rowing ergometer performance time remained relatively constant.Conclusion: These findings suggest: 1. The fasting concentration of plasma leptin may be more sensitive to the rapid and pronounced changes in training stress by comparing with those of cortisol and testosterone and the maximal exercise-induced decrease in leptin after the period of heavily increased training volume was thought to be an early sign of overtraining. It appears that leptin may be a potential indicator in monitoring relative training stress in elite female rowers; 2. Gender comparisons revealed that female rowers had higher circulating leptin concentrations whether pretraining or throughout the training period, and for different training stress the effect on plasma leptin levels is greater in female rowers than in males.更多还原