【作者】 马二培；

【导师】 杨青华； 李潮海；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 琥珀酸（丁二酸）是植物体内重要的二羧酸,广泛存在于植物界,它是三羧酸循环中的一环,除参与呼吸作用外,对维持活性氧代谢平衡亦起一定作用。本文于2005～2006年采取大田试验和盆栽试验相结合的方法,以紧凑型玉米品种郑单958为试验材料,系统研究了在密植条件下丁二酸浸种对玉米根、茎、叶等器官及产量的调节作用,并探讨了其生理生化基础,形成了大田最佳应用技术。试验结果如下:1丁二酸浸种对玉米种子萌发的调控丁二酸浸种对玉米幼苗生长具有良好的调控作用。丁二酸浸种后种子中α-淀粉酶、蛋白酶、酸性磷酸酯酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶活性均高于对照。玉米种子萌发期间酶活性提高,可以加快种子的萌发进程,提高种子发芽势和田间出苗率,提早出苗,延长了玉米大田生长时间,有利于其生长发育。2丁二酸浸种对玉米根系生长的调控丁二酸浸种对根系有明显的调控作用,浸种后根系生长得到明显的改善,使用后可使根系发达,根数量增多、根量增大,提高了根系活力,从而大大提高了根系吸收、合成和向地上部运输营养物质的能力,促进玉米根系的健壮生长,为后期籽粒充实起到了积极作用。很好的协调了地上、地下营养生长和生殖生长的关系。3丁二酸浸种对玉米光合作用的促进及其机制光合作用是物质代谢和能量代谢的基础,净光合速率越高,生成和积累的碳水化合物就越多。丁二酸浸种处理均可提高玉米灌浆后期叶片的净光合速率,而且以T3处理的增幅最大。丁二酸浸种对玉米叶片光合作用的促进可能有几方面原因:丁二酸浸种提高了玉米Chla、Chlb、Chl（a+b）和Car含量,改善了Chla/b和Chl（a+b）/Car的比值,从而促进玉米光合色素更协调地吸收和转化光能;丁二酸浸种后能提高玉米初始荧光（F_o）,叶绿素最大荧光（F_m）,PSⅡ原初光能转化效率（F_v/F_m）和PSⅡ潜在活性（F_v/F_o）,进而提高了玉米光合作用的潜能和效率;丁二酸浸种提高了玉米叶片气孔导度和蒸腾速率,促进玉米光合作用的原料即CO₂和H₂O的供应。4丁二酸浸种对玉米碳氮代谢能力的提高及其机制丁二酸浸种能提高玉米叶片硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶和籽粒蔗糖酶等酶活性及叶可溶性蛋白和籽粒可溶性糖含量。酶活性提高加速了玉米碳氮代谢,究其原因,可能与丁二酸浸种促进根系生长、提高根系活力及光合作用有密切关系。同时,也与增大玉米受光面积、增加绿叶数、延缓衰老和延长光合时间有关。丁二酸加速玉米碳氮代谢,为根、茎、叶等形态建成以及籽粒的灌浆充实奠定了坚实的物质基础。5丁二酸浸种对玉米抗逆潜力的提高及其机制丁二酸浸种能提高玉米叶片SOD、POD和CAT等抗氧化酶的活性,从而降低体内活性氧的积累、抑制膜脂过氧化作用和提高抗病能力;丁二酸浸种提高了玉米叶片Car等非酶促自由基清除剂的含量。由于植物体内的Car能有效清除超氧阴离子自由基和脂过氧化物自由基。因此,丁二酸浸种都提高了玉米叶片Car等非酶促自由基清除剂的含量,进一步抑制了活性氧的形成,保护了膜系统;丁二酸浸种提高了玉米叶片可溶性蛋白质等物质的含量,它们可以作为渗透调节物质提高细胞液浓度,防止细胞原生质在不良环境下过度脱水,进而增加玉米的抗逆能力。6丁二酸浸种对玉米的增产效应丁二酸浸种后在高密度条件下玉米增产效果显著,增产幅度最高可达12.50%。在大田试验和盆栽试验中均以浓度为300mg/L,浸种14小时效果最佳。更多还原

【Abstract】 The succinic acid is the important dicarboxylic acid in vivo plant,Widely exists in the vegetable kingdom,It is a link in tricarboxylic acid circulation,also play certain role to maintains the active oxygen metabolism balance besides participation in respiration. In this paper,The method of field culture and pot culture was used to study on the regulation function and the optimum applied technology of succinic acid in effect on the root and stem and leaf and yield organ under the condition of compact planting of corn from 2005 to 2006 year.The following results were obtained:1 The controlling action of succinic acid on seed germination of CornThe succinic acid treatments cultivated strong seedling.After succinic acid treatments, make the seed germination quickly,enhance the active of hydrolyze enzyme during seed germination.The active of hydrolyze enzyme were higher than CK,heighten the seed germination rate,improve seed germination,prolong the field growth time of corn, accelerate growth and development of corn.2 The controlling action of succinic acid on root of cornThe applications of succinic acid regulate the root activity of maize.Improved the growth of root.After succinic acid treatments,increased the amount of root,increased the root dry matter,enhance the root activity of maize,accelerate root haleness growth of corn,it was good for seed grouting during late stage.Harmonize the relation of overground and underground.3 The applications of succinic acid improved the photosynthetic character and its mechanism.Photosynthesis is the base of metabolism of matter and energy,the better of net photosynthesis,the more of carbohydrate of generating and accumulation.The applications of succinic acid can improve leaf net photosynthesis of maize during later grouting stage, moreover T3 is the best.its mechanism of promotion as follows:The applications of succinic acid can increase Chla,Chlb,Chl（a+b）,Car of maize, improve the ratio of Chla/b,so,chl can assimilate and transform luminous energy more coordination.The applications of succinic acid can increase F_o,F_m,F_v/F_m and F_v/F_o,and then improve potential and efficiency of photosynthesis of mizc.The applications of succinic acid can increase stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of maize leaves,improve the supplying of raw material（CO₂ and H₂O）of photosynthesis of mize.4 The applications of succinic acid improved the nutritional level and its mechanism.The applications of succinic acid improved the activity of NR、GS、soluble protein of maize leaves and invertasc、soluble saccharidc of maize grains.The improved of nutritional level,as the results of succinic acid improve root flourishing,increase the root activity and net photosynthesis.As it should be that succinic acid increase leaves area.Stay the feeble and old and prolong time of photosynthesis.The applications of succinic acid improved nutritional level of maize,it improve the basement of matter for shape establish of root,stem,leaves and grains grouting.5 The applications of succinic acid improved the stress tolerance and its mechanism.The applications of succinic acid increase the activity of SOD and POD,thus lower the accumulation of active oxygen、restrain overoxidation of membrane lipid and raise the ability to resist disease.The applications of succinic acid increase the content of nonenzymatic catalysis free radical scavenger.many research had confirmed that Car can eliminate superoxide anion and strong oxidative free radical.Therefore,the applications of succinic acid raise the content of Car（nonenzymatic catalysis free radical scavenger）,further（onwards）restraint the formation of active oxygen,protect membrane system.The applications of succinic acid raise the content of soluble protein of leaves,it can increase cell sap viscosity as osmoregulation substance,avert cell protoplasm exceeding dehydration under bad condition of circumstance.6 The controlling action of succinic acid on yield of CornThe applications of succinic acid increased yield notability,Maize grain yield was increased by 12.50%,When treated with 300 mg/L.更多还原