【作者】 李文雅；

【导师】 刘圣勇；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 农业生物环境与能源工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 我国生物质能十分丰富,尤其是秸秆,其产量达7亿多吨,相当于3亿多吨标准煤。研究开发高效利用生物质能的技术,不仅可以满足高速发展的国民经济对能源的需要,而且减少了矿物燃料的污染,产生巨大的经济效益和环境效益。八十年代以来,我国生物质能利用技术有了很大的发展。鉴于生物质资源分布区域广、适宜就地开发利用的特点,目前开发适用于各地工业锅炉的生物质能燃烧技术,是生物质能有效利用的重要途径。生物质成型燃料便于贮运,燃烧后排放的烟灰、SO₂和NO_x都远低于煤炭,是一种适合于工业锅炉使用的高品位燃料。现在我国专用生物质成型燃料燃烧设备相继问世,在一些地区已进行示范应用。在运行过程中,发现炉排处结渣是一种普遍现象。结渣问题是目前生物质成型燃料燃烧技术存在的最主要问题之一,结渣对燃料的燃烧和设备的安全运行都造成了很大的影响。由于结渣问题的存在,生物质成型燃料燃烧技术的推广与应用受到了较大的限制。为此,本课题利用现有的生物质成型燃料及锅炉,根据GB/T476—2001燃料灰渣成分分析方法及GB/T1572—2001燃料的结渣性测定方法两种测试标准,对生物质成型燃料进行了燃烧试验并对燃烧产物——炉灰进行成分测定。在测定灰成分的基础上,单指标判断和多指标综合判断相结合,对玉米秸秆成型燃料和木屑成型燃料进行了结渣倾向判断。对生物质成型燃料层燃锅炉进行多种工况试验,从锅炉的炉膛环境温度,炉内空气动力场等多方面入手,分析了锅炉结渣的影响因素,结合锅炉运行参数得出了结渣规律。对炉渣进行了电镜观察,分析了燃料锅炉结渣过程和原因,在试验的基础上得出预防和防止生物质成型燃料锅炉结渣的一些措施。为推进生物质成型燃料和生物质成型燃料锅炉的广泛应用奠定了基础,为生物质成型燃料锅炉的安全运行和新型生物质成形燃料燃烧设备的设计提供依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 ABSTRACT:The bio-energy in our country is very rich,especially the crop staff whose output amounts to more than 700 million ton,which is equal to more than 300 million tec.Research and development the technology making the most use of the biomass energy not only satisfy the need which the national economy development at high speed,but also decrease the contamination by fossil fuel,which can produce the gigantic economic and environmental benefits.The technology utilizing biomass energy has been developed enormously since 1980.According to the specialty which the biomass resources distributes broad area and proper to be developed on the spot, development the burning technology applying to the industry boiler is the important approach making the most of biomass energy.The smoke and ash,SO₂ and NO_x discharged by the biomass burning are far lesser than that of the coal burning, Biomass briquette,which is easy to store and transport,is one the kind of high-grade fuel suitable to the industry boiler.The special equipments burning biomass briquette have come out consecutively in our country,and are having been set the example application in some area.In the process of operation,it is found that the slag in the grate of boiler is a usual phenomenon.The slagging question is one of the most questions which exist in the biomass briquette combustion technology,the slag has an enormous influence to the fuel combustion efficiency and the safe operation of combustion equipment.As a result of the slag’s existence,the spread and utilization of biomass briquette technology are limited seriously.Therefore,we have carried the combustion experiment on the existent biomass briquette boiler.According to the analysis method of fuel ash component GB/T476—2001 and the mensuration of slagging property GB/T1572—2001,we have measured the component of ash which is the burning remained.On the base of testing the ash competent,this subject estimated the slagging trendency of corn straw briquette and sawdust briquette with one index judgment and many indexes synthetic judgment.Starting with the temperature in hearth and the aerodynamic field in furnace,we carried out various working condition experiment on the biomass briquette boiler,analyzed the slagging impact factors and concluded the slagging law in the light of the design and working parameters to boiler.This paper observed the appearance of furnace slag on the electric mirror,analyzed the slagging process and causation.Finally,this paper summarized some measures preventing from biomass briquette slagging on the basis experiment.To sum up,this paper not only provides the theoretical basis for designing the new kind combustion equipment of biomass briquette and the biomass briquette boiler’s safe operation,but also lays the foundation for the extensive utilization of biomass briquette and biomass briquette boiler.更多还原