【作者】 张培远；

【导师】 张百良； 樊峰鸣；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 农业生物环境与能源工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着化石能源的短缺和环境污染的日益严重,人们开始寻找新的能源来代替常规能源。秸秆是一种绿色可再生能源,但随着人民生活条件的提高,农民将其在田间直接燃烧或成为废弃物,结果带来了严重的环境污染。为了解决能源与环境问题,国家大力发展秸秆综合利用技术,而秸秆发电又是一个很好的发展方向。2005年颁布和实施的《可再生能源法》为我国秸秆发电产业化发展提供了历史性机遇和重要保障。秸秆发电在国外已经推广并应用了多年,而国内真正的产业发展才刚刚起步,许多关键性问题亟待解决。本文通过收集大量资料和调研,对国内外秸秆发电的影响因素和指标进行了综合比较和分析,构建了秸秆收集、技术和政策的评价体系。具体内容如下:(1)秸秆气化发电通常采用内燃机或汽轮机的发电方式,规模一般小于5MW;秸秆直燃发电通常采用中压锅炉或高压锅炉,规模一般小于30MW;秸秆混燃发电大多由常规电厂改造而成,规模一般大于100MW。(2)秸秆直接收集方式适合规模较小的电厂;建收购点的秸秆收集方式适合于规模较大的电厂:秸秆统一收集方式适合于农业机械化程度高的地区的发电厂。秸秆最好不要露天、松散储存。(3)秸秆直接燃烧发电技术适于现代化大农场或大型加工厂的废物处理;对秸秆较分散,收集、运输成本较高之处不适合,在我国适合于人口稀少、秸秆之源丰富的平原地区;秸秆气化发电具有投资少,发电成本较低,灵活性好的特点。小型秸秆气化发电技术适合于对缺电、缺油的农村和偏远的山区,中型秸秆发电技术适合于农村、农场、林场的照明用电或工业用电,尤其适用于有加工剩余物的农林加工厂、粮食加工厂的自身供电。秸秆混燃发电是在现有煤电厂基础上改造而成,具有投资成本低、发电效率高的优点,适合于已有发电厂、秸秆资源丰富的平原地区。(4)我国秸秆发电的鼓励政策与国外相比,思路正确;而对秸秆混燃发电的补贴方式不能适应其发展;对环境污染严重的行业还没有征收保护生态税;对秸秆发电项目的补贴不够。更多还原

【Abstract】 With fossil energy shorting and environmental pollution worsening, people start to look for new energy to replace conventional energy. Straw is a renewable energy, but as the people’s living conditions improve, it brings serious environmental pollution as burn directly in the field. In order to solve the energy and environmental issues, Our government develop vigorously comprehensive utilization technology of straw, and Straw generating is a good direction. Promulgation and implementation of the "Renewable Energy Act"in2005. straw power industries get the historical opportunity of a development and they are protected in law. Straw power has been extended and applied in other countries for many years, while real industrial development has just started in our country. Many of the key issues must be resolved. By collecting a large amount of information and research. This paper summarizes and Comparatively analysis the facts that affect domestic and international straw power generation, the straw collective technical and policy evaluation system is constructed. Specific details are as follows:(1) straw gasification plants are typically smaller than 5MW, which often use internal-combustion engines and steam turbine; Straw direct-fired power plants are typically smaller than 30MW.Straw Boiler often are the medium-pressure boilers; A few are high-pressure boilers; cofiring straw power plants are typically greater than 100MW, Most adapted from conventional power plants.(2) The method of Straw direct collection is suitable for small-scale generation of straw power plants; the method of building straw collection point is suitable for large-scale power generation of straw power plant; The method of Straw uniform collection is suitable for a high degree of mechanization of agriculture in the areas of straw power plant; Open storage and Loose storage of straw are best not used.(3) Straw pure combustion power generation technology is suitable for modern farms or large waste treatment plants, scattered straw and higher transportation costs Department is not suitable; It is suitable for the Plains in china, which have sparsely populated, straw rich source; In China, straw gasification power generation technology has facts of low investment, low cost of power generation and good flexibility. Small straw gasification power generation technology suits to the power shortage, the spead rural and remote mountainous areas. Medium straw gasification power generation technology are suitable for lighting power consumption in the rural areas, farms, food or tree factories, being particularly applicable to the processing of agricultural and forestry residues processing plants, and food processing plants of its own power supply; Cofiring Straw power generation is adapted from the basis of the existing coal plants, which has advantages of low cost investment and high power generation efficiency, fit on plains which has the existing power plants and rich straw resource; (4)straw generating encouraging policies are relatively perfect in china. But subsidies for cofiring Straw power generation can not meet their; The serious pollution of the environment industry also do not levy the protection of the ecological tax; subsidies for Straw power generation is not enough.更多还原