【作者】 冯淑文；

【导师】 张百良； 徐桂转；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 农业生物环境与能源工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 能源短缺和环境污染是人类发展所面临的两大严峻问题,生物柴油作为环保的生物能源,因其无毒、可再生、可生物降解,受到人们越来越多的关注。论文考察了利用分段填充床、膨胀床酶法连续制取生物柴油的影响因素,利用膨胀床进行了连续制取生物柴油的放大试验,对试验得到的粗生物柴油进行了提纯并对产品性能进行了测试。结果发现分段填充床中,物料经常走短路,造成脂肪酶不能充分利用,脂肪酶与反应液接触不充分,反应液通过时酯交换率较低,试验效果较差,膨胀床可以克服以上缺点,得到了菜籽油、桐油在膨胀床中连续生产生物柴油的最佳工艺条件,即反应器最佳高径比为25;反应料液在反应器中的最佳停留时间为35-45min;反应器中脂肪酶的最佳填充量为0.15g/ml;菜籽油最佳反应温度为52℃,桐油最佳反应温度为43℃;反应所需的甲醇分四次进入反应器,即四个反应器串联,向第一个反应器中加入反应所需甲醇的1/4,从第一个反应器流出的反应液在进入第二个反应器时再加入反应所需甲醇的1/4,从第二个反应器流出的反应液在进入第三个反应器时再加入反应所需甲醇的1/4,从第三个反应器流出的反应液在进入第四个反应器时再加入反应所需甲醇的1/4,经过反应料液在四个反应器中连续反应后,菜籽油的酯交换率达到85%-92%,桐油的酯交换率达到88%-94%;反应后的脂肪酶不加清洗直接用于下一批试验,连续重复使用6批次(150h),脂肪酶的催化活性基本没有下降;对菜籽油和桐油生物柴油进行精馏与测试,生物柴油性能基本满足国家标准。更多还原

【Abstract】 The energy shortage and environment pollution are two severious problems that we face today. Biodiesel is regarded as biological energy of environmental protection, their nonpoisonous, renewable, but biodegradation,received people’s more and more concerns.This paper examines the factors affecting the use of enzyme-bed expansion for the continuous production of biodiesel. We conducted a pilot for the continuous production of biodiesel in a pilot basis. Finally, we biodiesel on the refining and product performance testing. The results showed sub-packed bed, the materials often take short-circuit, causing lipase not fully utilized, lipase is kept in touch with response liquid insufficiently, the reaction liquid at the lower rate of transesterification,rapeseed oil and tung oil-bed we get the best conditions rapeseed oil, tung oil-bed expansion of the continuous production of biodiesel. Reactor is the best ratio of height to diameter of 25; best to stay 30-50min reaction feed in the reactor; filled with the best volume of 0.15 lipase in the reactor; the optimum reaction temperature of 52℃for rapeseed oil, The optimum reaction temperature of 43℃for the tung oil; Methanol needed four times to enter reactor in response, 4 reactor that series we needed to react to one-fourth of the methanol No. 1 reactor, Our response needs to add one-quarter of methanol in the reaction solution into the second reactor from the No. 1 reactor outflow. Our response needs to add one-quarter of methanol in the reaction solution into the third reactor from the second reactor outflow. Our response needs to add one-quarter of methanol in the reaction solution into the fourth reactor from the third reactor outflow, rapeseed oil ester exchange rate 85%-92% tung oil ester exchange rate 88%-94% after reaction feed company continued reaction to the four bioreactor. Lipase direct test for the next batch without washing after reaction. Lipase catalytic activity has not declined, After repeated use of six consecutive installments. Our Carry on distillation and test to the rapeseed oil and biological diesel oil of tung oil, biological diesel oil performance basically meets the national standard.更多还原