【作者】 张海军；

【导师】 李跃进；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 土壤学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 内蒙古农业大学海流园区位于土默川平原北缘,属半干旱地区,分布着大面积的盐碱地,在农、林、牧业上长期得不到利用。为将其转化为科研用地,我校决定对其进行大面积改良。本研究运用不完全拉丁方设计,采用田间试验和盆栽试验相结合的方法,系统的研究了石膏、盐碱丰两种改良剂对园区碱土物理性质、化学性质以及试验作物——苜蓿的长势指标和生物学产量的影响,并对两种改良剂的最终改良效果作了综合评价,从而确定出改良园区碱土应选用的适宜改良剂及最适施用量。主要研究结果如下:1.施用改良剂石膏后,土壤的理化性质得到明显改善,主要表现在:降低了土壤pH值,从改良前的9.4以上降低到了改良后的8.2以下;改变了土壤水溶性盐分离子组成,碳酸根、重碳酸根离子明显减少,硫酸根、钙离子及钠离子含量有所增加;降低了土壤碱化度,从改良前的30%以上降低到了改良后的10%以下;土壤硬度得到明显降低,渗透性提高了3～8倍;试验作物苜蓿能够正常出苗并生长。2.施用改良剂盐碱丰后,不论其施用量多大,土壤理化性状与改良前相比并没有得到明显改善:pH值仍大于9.5、碱化度仍在30%以上、全盐量小于5.0 g/Kg,物理性状仍表现为湿时泥泞、干时坚硬,土壤色泽呈灰白,试验种植的苜蓿均未出苗。3.从改良效果上看,园区碱土更适宜使用石膏进行改良,综合考虑土壤理化性质的变化及试验作物苜蓿的长势指标和生物学产量,最终确定出本试验所选用的石膏改良园区碱土时的最适施用量为1.5吨/亩,这为我校大面积改良园区碱土提供了理论依据和实践经验。更多还原

【Abstract】 Inner Mongolia Agricultural University’s Hailiu Park-area sits in the northern of Tu-mo-chuan plain which belongs to semi-arid area, where distributed a large acreage of saline-alkaline soil.It is out of use in farming、forestry and animal over a long period of time.To transform it into scientific research land, our university decides to improve it.This experiment research with incompletely Latinization design,adopting field experiment and pot experiment,systematic research effect of gypsum and yanjianfeng on physical、chemical properties of alkaline soil which is in Inner Mongolia Agricultural University’s Hailiu Park-area , appearance index and the biological output of clover which is experimental plant,and do some synthesize evaluation to the last result of the two ameliorant,thus the feat ameliorant and its most suitable dosage is obtained of improving Park-area’s alkaline soil. The main result are as follows:1,After using the ameliorant—Gypsum, soil’s physical and chemical properties acquire improvement apparently,main performs in: reduce the soil’s pH,from 9.4 of pre-improve to 8.2;change the salt-composition of soil which is water-soluble,the ion of CO32-、HCO3- decreased apparently, SO42-、Ca2+、Na+ acquires increase; reduce the soil’s alkalinity,from 30% of pre-improve to 5～10%; the soil’s hardness acquires decline apparently,the soil permeability’s enhancement reaches to 3～8 times; make the experimental plant—clover germinate and grow normally.2,After using the ameliorant—yanjianfeng,regardless its dosage,the soil’s physical and chemical properties haven’t acquire improvement: the soil’s pH still exceeds 9.5, the soil’s alkalinity more than 30% yet, total salt’s quantity less than 5.0 g/kg, soil’s physical property represents miriness when wet, but stiffness when dry, soil’s colour and luster is hoariness, the experimental plant—clover’s germination rate is zero.3,According to the result of improvement,it is more suitable with gypsum than yanjianfeng to improve park-area’s alkaline soil,synthetic considering the changes of the soil’s physical and chemical properties and experimental plant—clover’s appearance index and biological output, acquires the most suitable dosage of improve park-area’s alkaline soil with gypsum, which is 1.5 Kg. This can offer some theoretical basis and practical experience for our university to improve park-area’s alkaline soil completely.更多还原