【作者】 薛英英；

【导师】 李钢铁； 闫德仁；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 生物结皮在防风固沙、防止土壤侵蚀、改变水分分布状况等方面,扮演着重要的角色,近年来,国内外有关的科技人员对此进行了很多深入的研究。鄂尔多斯地区在生物结皮方面的研究甚少见报道,本文对鄂尔多斯沙漠生物结皮特征进行了初步研究,结果表明结皮层的机械组成以细沙和粗粉沙为主,而流沙以粗沙和细沙为主;生物结皮层影响降水的再分配作用,并影响入渗水的蒸发规律;结皮层腐殖质成份的含量、分子结构和复杂程度及其光学特性的变化趋势具有明显的地区性,表明结皮层土壤的发育具有气候地带性特征,是风沙土演化的前提;土壤酶活性和土壤微生物含量有密切关系,结皮层下土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶(多酚氧化酶除外)的活性都高于对照流沙,即沙地一旦形成结皮层,土壤有机质和养分含量增加,微生物活性和土壤酶活性提高,微生物结皮中的微生物死亡后,自身有机体则成为土壤中的一部分,增加了土壤的养分,为高等植物的生存提供了环境条件;生物结皮层具有较好的保水特性和养分富集作用;人工促进藻结皮可以丰富植物多样性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Microbiotic crust act important parts in preventing desertification, soil corrosion, and in influencing humidity distribution. In resent years, domestic and overseas scientists have done lots of correlative research, but reports about microbiotic crusts in Erdos seldom appear. This paper has done a pilot study on the characteristics of microbiotic crusts in Erdos, the result shows that particle size composition of microbiotic crust are fine sand and thick powder sand, but particle size composition of wind-drift sand are coarse sand and fine sand; that microbiotic crust can influence the reallocation of precipitation and can reduce the evaporation of infiltration moisture; and that all of the content, molecular makeup, complexity extent and the changing of optic characteristics of crust humus takes on obvious zone particularity, which indicates the development of crust soil takes on climatic zonation and is a precondition of sand soil evolvement; that soil enzyme activity is affinitive with edaphon content, enzyme activity of all the catalase, urease, sucrase ( except for polyphenol oxidase) are more active than comparison wind-drift sand, what means once crust came into being, then the content of soil organic matters will increase, the activity of microbe and soil enzyme will enhance, the organism of crust microbes will enhance the soil nutrient after they died, thus provide a entironment for altitude vegetation subsistence; that microbiotic crust possesses functions of water conservation and nutrients enrichment; that artificial algae crusts can enrich plant diversity.更多还原