【作者】 张秀丽；

【导师】 牟金明；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验通过大田裂区试验，在管理、密度、肥水一致的条件下，在绿豆白绿6号的花芽分化期、鼓粒灌浆期和成熟期，研究了叶面喷施不同浓度的赤霉素和矮壮素与绿豆某些生育性状和生理活性指标及产量的关系，旨在利用植物生长调节剂为绿豆的安全高产栽培提供理论依据。试验结果表明：不同水平的赤霉素对绿豆根干重的影响效果为15mg／L＞20mg／L＞10mg／L＞CK；矮壮素的效果分别为20mg／L＞15mg／L＞10mg／L＞CK，且各处理间差异明显。三个时期喷施都有利于地上部干物质积累，其中赤霉素＞矮壮素＞CK，赤霉素施用水平效果均是15mg／L＞20mg／L＞10mg／L＞CK；而矮壮素的施用水平效果为10mg／L＞15mg／L＞20mg／L＞CK。对绿豆根冠比的影响效果为矮壮素＞CK＞赤霉素。赤霉素效果表现为CK＞15mg／L＞20mg／L＞10mg／L；矮壮素效果为15mg／L＞10mg／L＞20mg／L＞CK。对绿豆植株的株高影响表现为：赤霉素＞CK＞矮壮素。赤霉素的效果为15mg／L＞10mg／L＞CK＞20mg／L，矮壮素的效果在各生育期基本一致，随着浓度的增大而减少即20mg／L＜15mg／L＜10mg／L＜CK。对绿豆的茎粗始终表现为矮壮素＞赤霉素＞CK；矮壮素的效果表现为20mg／L＞15mg／L＞10mg／L；赤霉素的效果表现为15mg／L＞20mg／L＞10mg／L。赤霉素对绿豆叶面积指数的影响效果好于矮壮素，在整个生育期间处理的平均值：花芽分化期为3.66、鼓粒灌浆期为4.75、成熟期为2.87，而矮壮素处理的平均值在花芽分化期为3.26、鼓粒灌浆期为4.03、成熟期为2.19。赤霉素处理：20mg／L＞15mg／L＞10mg／L＞CK；矮壮素处理：10mg／L＞15mg／L＞CK＞20mg／L。对绿豆分枝数影响的比较效果为矮壮素＞赤霉素＞CK。赤霉素和矮壮素处理后的植株内POD活性都高于对照，但两者之间差别不大。在花芽分化以后各时期，中浓度水平和高浓度水平的赤霉素和矮壮素处理后的植株内SOD活性都高于对照，两者的低浓度处理与对照差异不显著，综合看来的效果为矮壮素＞赤霉素＞CK。绿豆植株叶片中叶绿素含量在鼓粒灌浆期达到最大值，综合比较效果为矮壮素＞赤霉素＞CK。矮壮素与赤霉素对绿豆叶片中叶绿素含量的影响的效果大体相一致，即在花芽分化期后的三种浓度处理效果表现为20mg／L＞15mg／L＞10mg／L＞CK。在灌浆期时植株叶片可溶性糖含量达到最大值，赤霉素和矮壮素处理后植株内可溶性糖分别为61.33mg／g和62.6mg／g，分别比对照高出9.33％和11.59％，在成熟期时分别比对照高出7.22％和5.68％。对于绿豆叶片内可溶性蛋白质含量，矮壮素＞赤霉素＞CK。在鼓粒灌浆期，矮壮素的高浓度水平20mg／L的效果最好，其次为中浓度水平15mg／L；赤霉素的中浓度水平15mg／L效果最好。对增产的效果依次为矮壮素＞赤霉素＞CK。赤霉素和矮壮素的每一个处理的增产效果与对照比较，均在0.05水平显著。矮壮素处理中15mg／L效果最好，达到2245.21kg／hm~2，20mg／L效果次之，而赤霉素为20mg／L处理最好，高达到2156.84kg／hm~2，15mg／L次之。赤霉素和矮壮素均能提高绿豆的百粒重、荚粒数和株荚数，但对百粒重的影响在两种物质的低浓度水平处理不显著。通过对产量与几个主要构成因子回归分析，得出产量与荚粒数之间存在良好的线性关系。产量y=29189.124+140.695x，R~2=0.919。以上结果表明：喷施适宜浓度的赤霉素和矮壮素，能够提高绿豆地下部与地上部的协调性，进而提高绿豆的叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖、提高保护酶系的活性，进而提高产量。更多还原

【Abstract】 The article carried out systematic study on effect of gibberellic acid （GA₃） and Cycocel （CCC） which used three different concentrates respectively spraying leaves surface in flower differentiation period, filling period and mature period on the relation between mung bean growing characters, activities index of physiological and yield with Spilt plot design, repeated 3 times. Administration measures, density and fertilizer of different districts were same. The aim of this experiment is to offer theoretic and realistic means for production of safe and high yield of mung bean. The results of this experiment showed that:The spraying different concentration of gibberellic acid （GA₃） could increase root dry weight, for the effects of GA₃ level on root dry weight of mung bean, the treatment of 15mg/L is better than 20mg/L and the treatment of 20mg/L is better than 10mg/L, all treatments are better than CK. While the effects of Cycocel（CCC） is different with the GA₃, for the best treatment is 20mg/L, the better is 15mg/L, the least is CK. The difference of these treatments is significant. All three spraying stage could benefit for top dry weight. The effect of GA₃ is better than CCC, and GA₃ is better than CK. The effects of different concentration of GA₃ is 15mg/L＞20mg/L＞10mg/L＞CK. But the effects of different concentration of CCC is10mg/L＞15mg/L＞20mg/L＞CK. GA₃ and CCC could regulate R/T, among of these GA₃ is better CK, and the effect of CK is better CCC, The effects of different concentration of GA₃ is CK＞15mg/L＞20mg/L＞10mg/L, And the effects of different concentration of CCC is 15mg/L＞10mg/L＞20mg/L＞CK.The effect of spraying GA₃ and CCC on plant height is that GA₃ is better than CK. And CK is better than CCC. The effects 0f different concentration of GA₃ is 15mg/L＞10mg/L＞CK＞20mg/L, and the effects of different concentration of CCC is 20mg/L＜15mg/L＜10mg/L＜CK. While the effect of CCC is better than CK. And GA₃ is better than CK on stem diameter of mung bean. The effects of different concentration of GA₃ is 15mg/L＞20mg/L＞10mg/L＞CK, and the effects of different concentration of CCC is20mg/L＞15mg/L＞10mg/L＞CK.The effect of GA₃ is better than CCC on the mung bean LAI. The average of LAI with GA₃ in the growing stage as following: 3.66 in the flower differentiation stage, 4.75 in filling stage, 2.87 in mature stage. But the average of LAI with CCC in these stages respectively is 3.26, 4.03, 2.19. The effects of different concentration of GA₃ is 20mg/L＞15mg/L＞10mg/L＞CK, and the effects of different concentration of CCC is 10mg/L＞15mg/L＞CK＞20mg/L. The effect of CCC is better than GA₃ on number of branch of the mung bean, and the GA₃ is better than CK.Comparing with CK, the effects of different concentration of CCC and GA₃ on POD activity are higher than CK, but there is little significantly difference between them. After flower differentiation stage, the POD activities of middle level and high level of CCC as well as GA3 are higher than CK, there is little significantly difference between the low level of them and CK, above all, the effect of CCC is better than GA₃, and GA₃ is better than CK.The content of mung bean leaves of chlorophyll was reach summit at filling stage, synthesizing compared results: the treatment of CCC is better GA₃, and GA₃ is better CK. The effects of content of chlorophyll both CCC and GA₃ are 20mg/L＞15mg/L＞10mg/L＞CK.The content ofmung bean leaves of soluble sugar was reached summit at filling stage. The average of content of soluble sugar of CCC and GA₃ respectively is 61.33mg/g and 62.6mg/g, which are more 9.33% and 11.59% than CK in the filling stage and more 7.22% and 5.68% than CK in mature stage. The effect of CCC and GA₃ on soluble protein of leaves, the treatment of CCC is better than GA₃, and GA is better than CK. The best effect of CCC is 20mg/L, the better is 15mg/L.The best of effect of GA₃ is middle level 15mg/L.The different of treatments increased mung bean yield, the yield order of these: CCC＞GA₃＞CK. Yield of every treatment of CCC and GA₃ is significant at 0.05 levels with CK. The best effect of CCC is 15mg/L, reaching 2245.21kg/hm², the better is 20mg/L.The best of effect of GA₃ is 20mg/L, reaching 2156.84kg/hm², the better is 15mg/L. The treatment of CCC and GA₃ could increased the weight of one hundred grains, the number of grains per pod, the number of pod per plant. However, the low level both CCC and GA₃ are little difference on the weight of one hundred grains.By regressive analysis of mung bean yielding and formed-factor of yielding, yielding is well linear-related with grain weight per pod, and the equation is y=29189.124+140.695x, R² = 0.919.The results showed that in the whole growth stage, sPraying appropriate concentration GA₃ and CCC could promote regulate R/T, then increase LAI of mung bean, increase content of mung bean leaves of chlorophyll, soluble protein and soluble sugar, increase activities of protective enzyme and then increase mung bean yield.更多还原