【作者】 单玉玲；

【导师】 张艳荣；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 农产品加工及贮藏工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 多糖又称多聚糖，由单糖聚合而成，是聚合度大于10且极性复杂的大分子碳水化合物，分子量一般为数万，数十万到数百万，是构成生命活动的4大基本物质之一，并与维持生命所需的多种生理功能相关。多糖是生物界中含量最丰富的生物聚合糖，几乎存在于所有的生物中。虽然糖类的研究并不比蛋白质和核酸晚，但其研究层次与水平还远远落后于蛋白质和核酸。20世纪70年代以来，随着免疫物质、生物膜及多种生物活性物质的研究表明，糖类在生物体内具有特殊的生物学功能，因此糖类的研究成为人们关注的焦点。有关真菌多糖的研究变得越来越深入和广泛，特别是有关食用菌多糖的研究，报道频率颇高。活性多糖专指具有某种特殊生物活性的多糖化合物。包括植物多糖、真菌多糖等。这类多糖因具有抗肿瘤、增强免疫力、抗突变、降血脂、抗病毒等生物活性，而越来越受到人们的重视。本论文系长春市科技攻关计划项目《姬松茸第三代系列功能食品的研制与开发》，并属其中主要研究内容之一。主要对姬松茸多糖的提取及纯化技术进行了研究，确定一条多糖提取及纯化的最佳工艺。主要研究成果如下：1、采用超临界萃取技术对姬松茸原料进行脱脂处理，最大限度脱除脂肪，从而使多糖萃取效果更好，提高多糖的萃取率。对萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间、萃取剂流量四个因素进行了正交试验与分析，确定超临界萃取的最佳工艺条件为萃取压力25MPa，萃取温度35℃，萃取时间100min，CO₂流量30L／h。2、打破了传统的热水浸提，乙醇沉淀的工艺，采用了微波萃取技术，大大节省了萃取时间。在试验中对微波萃取功率、微波萃取时间、料液比及原料粒度四个因素进行了正交试验和分析，确定微波萃取的最佳工艺参数为微波功率700W，萃取时间6min，料液比1：10，原料粒度0.147mm。3、进行姬松茸多糖纯化技术研究。对SeVag脱蛋白法、三氯乙酸脱蛋白法、大孔树脂脱蛋白法的脱蛋白效果进行分析。从蛋白脱除率及多糖损失情况进行了比较，用弱碱性阴离子大孔树脂脱蛋白效果理想，该法条件温和、有脱色效果、易工业化生产，蛋白脱除率达79.26％，多糖回收率达86.3％。更多还原

【Abstract】 Polysaccharide, namely saccharan, which is one of the four basic material constitute lifeactivities, is related with multiple physiological functions. Its DP＞10 and it is a kind of polarizedmacromolecule carbohydrate aggregated by mannose. The molecular weight of polysaccharide isusually ranged from millions to billions. Though the content of polysaccharide is the richest inbiology circles, the research level is far behind that of protein and nucleic acid. With the study onimmune material, biological membrane and kinds of biological active materials since 1970s, thebiological function of polysaccharide becomes the researching focus. Active polysaccharidemeans certain polysaccharide compound that of some special biological activities, plantpolysaccharide fungus polysaccharide and etc. included. This kind of polysaccharide has thebiological activities of anti-tumor, strengthen immunity, anti-mutation, decreasing fat in blood andanti-virus, and is taken more and more importance on.This paper was a main part of Changchun city science and technology strategic plan project"Development of Agaricus blazei MurillⅢSeries Functional Food".The extraction andpurification technology of Agaricus blazei Murill polysaccharide was studied, the optionaltechnology were as follows.1. Agaricus blazei Murill were defatted by Supercritical fluid extraction technology beforeextraction, so the polysaccharide extraction rate was increase. Orthogonal test included extractingpressure, extracting temperature, extracting time, CO₂volume were done and analyzed. Theoptional technology conditions were as follows. Extraction pressure 25MPa, extractiontemperture35℃, extraction time 100min, CO₂ volume 30L/h。2. Microwave extracting technology was used in the study, saving plenty of time comparedwith traditional hot water extracting. ethanol precipitating technology. Orthogonal test were doneand analyzed on extraction power, extraction time, material and liquid ratio and size of particles.The optional technology conditions were as follows. Extraction power 700W, extraction time6min, material and liquid ratio 1: 10, size of particles 0.147mm。3. Purification of Agaricus Blazei Murill polysacchrides were studied。The effect of eliminating protein of sevag method, TCA method and macroporous resin were analyzed.The eliminating protein rate and loss condition of polysaccharide were compared. The effectof negative ion macroporous resin was suitable. The condition of this method was gentle, easy torealize industrication, and was of decolour effect. The eliminating protein rate was79.26％,polysaccharides obtained rate was 86.3％.更多还原