【作者】 赵伟；

【导师】 于英；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 野生动植物保护与利用， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 中药藁本其植物来源为藁本(Ligusticum sinense Oliv.)、辽藁本(Ligusticum.jeholense Nakai et.kitag)和新疆藁本(Coniosenium vaginatum Thell)，是治疗感冒、风湿痹痛的良药，其使用面广、用量大，而其商品主要来源于野生资源，由于长期采挖致使藁本野生资源日趋枯竭，人工栽培势在必行。本试验对辽藁本无性繁殖方法；去花序等增产农艺技术；不同仿生栽培模式对辽藁本的生长发育规律、生育性状及根部产量的影响；不同的栽培管理技术措施对辽藁本药材质量的影响等相关问题进行了系统的调查研究。研究结果表明：辽藁本主要以根茎作为繁殖材料，根茎大小以5cm×5cm×3cm以上，带2个根芽的处理为最佳；节盘扦插是提高辽藁本繁殖系数的重要手段，取茎节中下部，节位上带有一片发育成熟叶片的的材料作为辽藁本插穗，其生根时间短、生根率高，是辽藁本扦插的最佳材料；辽藁本节盘扦插结合生根药剂吲哚丁酸(IBA)500～1000ppm，有助于进一步提高生根率。在孕蕾期按一定处理摘除辽藁本陆续出现的花序，各处理的药材性状和产量性状均较好。在各处理中全去花序处理的生育性状、产量均优于其他处理和对照。不同多效唑处理对辽藁本地上部分的生长发育、地下根部生育性状和产量有显著影响，其中以100ppm浓度多效唑处理的辽藁本植株在茎粗、叶面积、叶龄、产量等方面均明显高于其他处理。辽藁本的不同栽培模式比较研究发现，光照强度是影响辽藁本生长发育的主要生态因子。随着光照强度的增加，其植株发育进程加快，量值较大，并且植株分枝数、叶面积和花序量占优势。而光照强度较弱时，辽藁本的株高增加。在不同仿生栽培模式下辽藁本的株高、叶面积指数的年变化均为“单S”曲线型，分枝数的年变化则为“双S”曲线型；生育进程大田全光照条件下发育较迅速，其他模式随着透光率的下降发育迟缓。辽藁本不同栽培模式试验研究分析表明，光照条件同时也是影响产量的主要因子。当透光率达到70％时，辽藁本产量最高。不同栽培措施对辽藁本药材品质有着重要影响。辽藁本经不同的去花序处理后，药材除了产量增加外，有利于根部药材挥发油、醇提物及有效成分阿魏酸的含量积累，其中全去花序处理优于其他处理和对照。辽藁本孕蕾期喷施不同浓度多效唑，也能有效的提高辽藁本药材的质量。在不同浓度的多效唑处理中，多效唑300ppm能有效地提高辽藁本药材挥发油、醇提物及阿魏酸含量，且都能达到《中国药典》规定标准。在各不同栽培模式条件下，大田全光照下的辽藁本抗性相对其他模式较弱，白粉病、红蜘蛛等病虫害发生率相对较高，在病虫害较多的年份易造成大面积减产，而其他模式内辽藁本的抗性较强，在栽培过程中，很少发现有病虫害发生。在实际生产中，可以结合当地的不同地势条件，选择不同的栽培模式。在根据当地的具体情况选定栽培模式后，可以结合去花序、喷施多效唑等增产农艺技术措施，弥补栽培模式中产量较低的缺陷。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Chinese lovage is prepared from three original plants, i.e. Ligusticum sinense Oliv., Lingusticumjeholense Nakai et. Kitang and Coniosenium vaginatum Thell, and is widely used for the treatments ofcommon cold and rheumatic arthralgia. Previously, the herbal medicine is mainly from the wild sources andit has become rare species due to intensive collection, thus making that it is necessary to cultivate this plant.In this study, the effects of cloning of Ligusticum jeholense; debud and other agronomictechnologies for increasing production and different bionic cultivation models on the growth anddevelopment, vegetative characters, and the root yield were observed. And the effect of different cultivationand management techniques on the quality of Chinese lovage was investigated as well.The results showed that roots are the main reproductive material of Ligusticum jeholense Nakai et.Kitag, with the root size of over 5cm×5cm×3cm with two root buds being the best. The cutting is the veryimportant procedure for increasing propagation coefficient. Taking the low middle part of columnal withone piece of mature leaf as transplant material and treated with 500-1000ppm IBA, the time for rootemerging is short, and rate of root emerging is the highest.During the bud stage, plucking the progressive flower buds, the medical material characters andproductive characters were better; the treatment removing all inflorescence had a greatest advantage and ahigher production.When treated with different concentration of Paclobutrazol, the plants treated with 100ppm of thechemical had more advantages than other treatments, stem thickness, leaf area, leaf age, etc weresignificantly higher than other treatmentsThe comparison between different cultural models, indicated that illumination intensity was the majorecological factor affecting the growth and development of plant. With increasing illumination intensity; thegrowth of the plants was fast. The numerical value was higher, and its arborization numbers, leaf area andthe cyme number had more advantages than others. When the illumination intensity was low, the plantbecame taller. Comparing the different cultural models, the plant height, LAI and cyme number had anannual variation with curve "s", and arborization number has a annual variation with curve "double s". Thegrowth showed that cultural model-1(farmland model) developed rapidly. With the deducing of intensity of illumination, the treatments developed slowly. The study on the different cultural models showed that: theconditions of illumination are not only the major factor to influence on the bloom, but also the production.When the Transmittance is 70％; the Ligusticum jeholense had a higher yields.The different cultivation measures had significantly effect on quality of the medicinal material. Pluckingthe total flower buds or the part flower buds was beneficial for the accumulation of volatile oil, Ethanolextracts and Ferulic Acid. The treatment A, removing all flowers was higher than other treatments and CK.During the bud stage, spurting the different concentration of Paclobutrazol could improve the quality ofthe medicinal material, The treatment with 300ppm increased the contents of volatile oil, ethanol extractsand ferulic acid, which is come up to the standard of《China Pharmacopoeia》.In the different cultural models, the resistance of the plant in model 1 (rain fed with full sunshine) wasweak; the incidence of powdery mildew and red mite and other diseases and Pests was higher than othermodels. Other models had a better resistance, the incidences of diseases and pests were rare. Practically, theoptimal model could be selected according to the different local conditions. Once the growing model isselected, technical measures such as debuding, spurting the different concentration of Paclobutrazol, andother agronomic technology can be used to increase production, thus improving the production and qualityof the Medicinal material.更多还原