【作者】 沈静；

【导师】 姚本先；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 大学生的需要研究,就是以大学生的需要为研究对象,探寻其内容、结构、特征和发展趋势的研究。了解大学生的需要并“因需施教”,对其价值观教育和素质教育有很高的实效性。本研究首先通过开放式问卷调查分析了大学生需要所包含的内容,并在文献综述的基础上提出了自己的理论构想,自编了“大学生需要问卷”。问卷经小样本施测及修订后对我国五省市894名大学生进行了调查,主要结论如下:1、自编的“大学生需要问卷”具有良好的信度和效度。通过探索性因素分析得到的大学生需要由五个方面构成:生活质量需要、安全需要、交往需要、尊重需要和发展实现需要。2、当代大学生的需要从总体上看是积极的、符合时代特征的。得分排在前四位的需要依次是自我成长需要、发展条件需要、心理健康需要和友爱交际需要。排在最后四位的需要依次是生活质量需要、贡献助人需要、师生交流需要和权力需要。3、女大学生在心理安全、求援、师生交流、心理健康、取得成就、发展条件上的平均分显著高于男大学生。4、文科大学生在自我成长和发展条件上的平均分显著高于理科大学生。5、不同年级大学生在友爱交际、师生交流、取得成就、贡献助人、获得尊重、自我完善上的平均分达到显著水平。总体而言,一、四年级大学生的平均分显著高于二、三年级。6、来自城镇的大学生在生活质量、自我完善和取得成就上的平均分显著高于来自农村的大学生。7、独生子女大学生在生活质量、权力、心理健康上的平均分显著高于非独生子女大学生。8、家庭月收入在3000元以上的大学生在生活质量和权力上的平均分显著高于家庭月收入低于500元的大学生和家庭月收入在500至1000元的大学生。更多还原

【Abstract】 Researches on needs of University students is the research that servey the contents、construction、characteristics and develop tendency of university students’needs.It is important to know and according to the characteristics of university students’needs.Based on an open-ended questionnaire, this study analyzed the contents of university students’needs. On review of former, a theoretical hypothesis was put forward in this study. This study designed preliminary questionnaire of needs for university students. After small samples tested and analyzed, 894 university students were tested by the emended questionnaire. The main results of the study are as follows:1. The self-made Qudstionnaire of Needs for University Students has high reliability and fair ability. By the mathod of factor analysis, the research found that university students’needs were constructed by 5 dimensions: Living quality need; Safty need; Communication need; Respect need and Growth and succeed need.2. Contemporary university students’needs on the whole are positive, according with the feature of times. The fore four needs are the self-growth need, development condition need, mental health need and friendly intercourse need one by one in order. The last four needs are the living quality need, contributing and help need, communication need in teacher with students, power need one by one in order.3. At mental safy need, seek help need, communication need in teacher with students, mental health need, obtain achievements need and development condition need dimention, female university students are significantly higher than male university students.4. At self-growth need and development condition need dimention, art university students are significantly higher than science university students. 5. At friendly intercourse need, communication need in teacher with students, obtain achievements need, contributing and help need, get respect need and self-perfect need dimention, there is grade significantly difference. University students of grade one and fore are significantly higher than grade two and three.6. At living quality need, self-perfect need and obtain achievements need dimention, university students from town are significantly higher than from rural area.7. At living quality need, power need and mental health need dimention, only chiled university students are significantly higher than non-only chiled university students.8. At living quality need and power need dimention, university students that family incom beyond 3000 yuan are significantly higher than that family incom under 500 yuan and between 500 yuan and 1000 yuan.更多还原