【作者】 李军利；

【导师】 查良松；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 人口问题是21世纪人类面临的影响可持续发展的重大问题。作为世界第一人口大国,中国人口正在逼近目前科学发展状况下自然环境容量的极限。由人口问题引发的资源相对不足,环境存载力较弱等诸多经济社会发展问题,短时间内难以改变。解决人口问题最重要的是全面掌握人口信息。传统方法对人口的地域空间分布特性涉足相对较少或挖掘不够,而地理信息与资源、环境、经济等诸多问题休戚相关。因此,将人口信息与地理信息集成,不仅能进一步提高人口信息化管理水平,而且能开拓人口信应用与服务的新途径,更好地为研究人口规律、制定人口政策,以及为全面建设小康社会和构建社会主义和谐社会服务。人口GIS作为人口信息与地理信息集成管理和应用的高效工具,以其强大的空间分析和可视化功能备受青睐。本文针对人口GIS的一个重要分支,人口统计GIS开展研究。内容上,先简要回顾了人口GIS的发展和目前的研究热点,在此基础上比较了GIS软件开发方式,指出基于组件开发技术是GIS软件业的潮流,详细探讨了组件技术、ComGIS、MapObjects、ADO.NET以及开发平台VB.NET等相关技术。再以安徽县域人口统计GIS为实践案例,详细介绍了软件需求分析、指标与模型设计、系统目标、系统架构、功能设计、数据库设计,最后给出了系统主要功能的核心算法与程序实现。技术上,遵循GIS软件工程的一般流程。在系统程序设计阶段,采用C/S三层架构模式,使用Visual Basic.NET为前端开发工具,GIS组件采用MapObjects,SQL Server2000作为后台属性数据库管理平台,空间数据以shapefile文件格式存储在系统中。分别使用ADO.NET和MapObjects实现属性数据与空间数据访问,通过OLEDB接口和MapObjects的Data Connection接口实现关系数据库和空间数据库的集成。应用上,将关系数据库技术、数学模型与GIS技术应用到人口统计信息管理当中,系统完成了人口统计信息与地理空间信息的集成,实现了地图浏览、统计查询、专题制图、模型分析等功能,增强了人口统计信息的表现力,将进一步拓展人口统计GIS在相关领域的应用。基于.NET环境下开发了登陆组件Valiate.dll,数据库操作组件CDatabase.dll,以及基于GDI技术的洛伦茨模块、人口金字塔模块,GM(1.1)人口预测的矩阵运算类模块与空间权重矩阵生成模块。这些组件模块都具有跨语言应用、代码重用等特点,可为同类系统开发积累经验,提供技术参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Population problem is the major issue affecting sustainable development of the human being in the 21st century. As the largest population country in the world, the Chinese population is approaching to the natural environment capacity limit decided by present science development situation. Many economic and social developing questions such as the relative insufficiency of resources and the smallness of environmental carrying capacity caused by population can’t be changed in short time. The most important for the solution to the population problem is to grasp the population information comprehensively. Little has been involved or mined in the population spatial distribution characters by traditional method, while the geography information is closely related to resources, environment and economy, ect. Therefore, the integration of population and geographic information not only can raise the level of population information management, but also can develop a new approach for the service and application of population information. It is beneficial for the research on population rule and the establishment of population policy, as well as serves for the all-round construction of a well-off society and the building of socialism harmonious society. As a highly effective application tool of the population information and the geographic information integration management, Population GIS is very favored to the public based on the powerful spatial analysis and the visualization functions. In view of an important branch of population GIS, Population Statistic GIS is discussed in this thesis.In the aspect of content, based on the brief review of the development of population GIS and the present research hotspots, the thesis firstly compares the developing modes of the GIS software, proposes that the Component developing technology is the current tidal of the GIS software industry, and discusses the Component technology, ComGIS, MapObjects, ADO.NET as well as developing platform VB.NET and other related technology in detail. Secondly,taking the county-based population statistic GIS of Anhui as a study case, the software demanding analysis, index and model design, the system goal, system framework, function design and database design are introduced in detail. Finally, the core algorithm and procedure realization of the system main functions are given out. In the aspect of technology, the general process of GIS software engineering is followed. At the system programming stage, the system adopts the C/S three construction patterns, uses Visual Basic.NET as the front developing kit, and takes MapObjects as the GIS Component and SQL Server2000 as management platform of attribute data in background while spatial data is stored in the form of shapefile format in the system. The accession of attribute data and spatial data is realized through ADO.NET and MapObjects separately, and the integration of relational database and spatial database is realized through OLEDB connection and MapObjects Data Connection interface.In the aspect of application, the system applies the Relationship Database technology, the mathematical model, the GIS technology to population statistic information management. Thereby, it achieves the integration of the population statistic information and the geography spatial information, realizes the functions of map browsing, statistics inquiry, thematic mapping and model analysis, and enhances the population statistic information’s expressiveness, which will further promote more applications of population statistic GIS in the correlated domains. Under the .NET Framework the author develops Valiate.dll, a debarkation component, CDatabase.dll, a database operation component, as well as Lorenz module, Population Pyramid module, matrix operation class module of GM(1,1) population forecast, and spatial weight matrix creating module, are developed based on GDI technique. These modules have some important characteristics, such as cross-language application, code reuse and so on, which can offer experience and technical reference for similar system development.更多还原