【作者】 罗卫东；

【导师】 黎道洪； 罗泰昌；

【作者基本信息】 贵州师范大学 ， 动物学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以云南西畴县仙人洞、拐弯洞为研究对象,研究群落的结构、变化及与部分环境因子的相关性分析,2006年6月和12月,笔者在样洞采集了标本1502号,其中仙人洞1018号,100种,隶属3门6纲11目22科39属;拐弯洞484号,16种,隶属3门6纲10目14科12属。仙人洞动物群落有明显的季节变化:物种数夏季多,冬季少。动物群落的多样性指数、均匀度指数、丰富度指数、优势度指数均有明显的成带性和季节性。经软件分析后可知:影响两样洞动物群落的部分重要环境因子有水中钙质、水中有机质。物种数、多样性指数、物种丰富度指数受水中钙质影响很大,总趋势是一定范围内,钙质越高物种数越多,群落的结构越复杂;水中有机质对群落的结构影响也很大,如一定范围内水中有机质高,能促进物种的多样,复杂动物群落的形成,但优势度例外,钙质、有机质在一定范围内增加,虽能增加物种多样性,可是优势度指数却下降,这与应用单纯的群落多样性测度公式计算多样性指数与优势度指数的特征吻合,即物种增加时,多样性指数增加,优势度减弱。从相关系数表可知:多样性指数H′与水中钙质显著正相关;物种丰富度指数D与水中钙显著正相关;优势度指数C与水中钙质显著负相关;物种数与水中有机质显著正相关;多样性指数与水中有机质显著正相关;物种丰富度指数与水中有机质显著正相关;优势度指数与水中有机质显著负相关;群落相似性分析表明:相似性系数最大的两群落是A2-B2, 0.5372;最小0,为A2-E1,而且可能相似的群落所在地的水中钙质、水中有机质比较接近。群落的变化表明,样洞的顶极群落在夏季形成,不同地域内的洞穴动物群落结构不同,动物群落具有时空变化的特性。研究结果支持顶极群落的多元化理论。更多还原

【Abstract】 Xianren cave and Guaiwan cave in Xichou of Yunnan were studied in June and December 2006, including their community structures, the correlation of partial environmental factors with community and its change.1502 samples collected; Xianren dong had 3 phyla 6 classes 11 orders 22 families 39 genera 100 species,1018 samples; Guaiwan cave 3 phyla 6 classes 10 orders 14 families 12 genera 16 species, 484 samples.The community structure of cave animal in Xianren cave shows obviously variety:species,summer’s>winter’s.H’(Entropy),J(Evenness),C(Concentration),D(Richness)of community structrure shows evidently zonal distribution seasonally too.After soft’s analyzing,the major factors to determine community constructure are Ca and organic matter in water,its reliability was examined.The animal’s species,entropy,and richness are affected by Ca in water,its trend is that the more Ca,the more species and the complicated in some way.The organic matter in water more influence to community structure too,sometimes its ups can add animal kinds and high community structure,about concentration,it against them.This supports the options of species upping to high diversity indexes ,to down dominant species’trend that entropy and concentration were calculated by the formulas to value community diversity simply.From the tab of correlation analysis, highly positive correlation between H’(Entropy) and Ca in water, D(Richness)too; significantly negative correlation between C(Concentration) and Ca in water, species significantly positive correlation to organic matter in water, H’(Entropy), D(Richness) positive too;C(concentration) highly negative correlation with organic material .Their reliabilities have been tested properly. From similarity analyzing, the highest index is in community A2-B2(0.5372), the lowest A2-E1 (0), maybe the similarity index be correlated by Ca and organic matter in cave water.Community’s change tells that the studied caves’climaxes are finished in summer. The community structure is different in own area.No identical communities absolutetly in the world, any community has its nature in space and time. The paper surports polyclimax theory .更多还原