【作者】 巩前文；

【导师】 张俊飚；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 中国是一个人口众多，而耕地后备资源又相对不足的国家，农业的增长依赖于单产的提高，化肥对单产的提高起着重要的促进作用。化肥投入对于我们这个人口负担重，而经济又欠发达的国家来说尤为重要。新中国成立后，在化肥和其他技术共同作用下，粮食单产增加很快。但是，近年来，随着化肥用量的稳步增加，肥料的增产能力和利用率却不断下降，相应的养分在土壤中的残留和损失则持续提高，尤其是集约化农业生态系统中过量施用化肥导致肥料利用率下降和造成的环境危害已成为肥料使用中被广泛关注的问题。因此，为了促进农产品增收、农业增效，实现农业可持续发展，从施肥的微观主体农户的角度来研究农户行为与化肥施用效率之间的关系具有重要的现实意义。本文首先主要就化肥供给政策的变革、化肥使用总量与结构变化、化肥需求走势等几个方面描述了湖北省化肥使用的现状。其次，在吸取已有资源利用效率测算方法的优点与不足的基础上构建新的测算方法——能量比值法，实证分析湖北省化肥使用效率的现状和变化趋势。从实证结果来看，湖北省农业施肥总量在上升，但使用效率却在下降。为此，文章进而在假定选取研究区域条件相同的情形下，从农户的角度通过建立模型探求影响化肥使用效率的因素。实证发现，农户户主的基本特征(包括户主的性别、年龄、职业、月收入等)、农户的家庭特征(从事农业人口数占家庭总人口数的比率指标)、主要农业生产的中间消耗(包括外雇机械作业费和土地承包费两个指标)、农户的市场优势(包括农户住址离最近集贸市场的距离和农户生产的农产品商品化率两个指标)、农户拥有的土地特征(以耕地资源的零碎程度来表示)等几个方面的因素对农户施肥效率影响显著。为了进一步探求提高化肥使用效率的决策路径，本文采用多元回归模型，继续使用湖北省的入户抽样调查数据实证分析影响农户施肥量决策的制约因素。结果发现，耕地离家距离、耕地的等级、耕地灌溉情况、耕地租用情况、接受施肥技术培训、种粮是否划算、农产品出售比例等因素是影响农户施肥量决策的关键因素。最后，依据研究结论，提出相应改进要素配置效率的对策建议，并指出了论文研究中存在的一些不足和将来讲一步研究的方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 China has a very large population, but reserve land resources are insufficient, so agricultural growth depends on the improvement of yield, and Fertilizer plays an important role in increasing the yield per unit. Fertilizer input for this heavy burden on the population and the economy of less developed countries is particularly important. After the founding of new China in fertilizers and other technologies together, the grain yield increase soon. However, in recent years, with the amount of fertilizer has increased steadily, fertilizer production and capacity utilization has been declining. At the same time, nutrients in the soil residues and losses continued to improve, particularly intensive agro-ecosystems lead to excessive use of chemical fertilizer and fertilizer utilization rate of decline caused by environmental hazards has become fertilizer use materials are widely concern. Therefore, in order to promote agricultural income, agricultural efficiency and achieve sustainable development, it has the important practical significance for studying the relationship between acts of farmers and fertilizer use efficiency.This paper described several aspects of the use of chemical fertilizers mainly on fertilizer supply policy changes, the use of chemical fertilizers and the total structural changes in Hubei province; Secondly, a new calculation method-Efficiency Compared with Energy, which is based on having learned in the efficiency of resource use calculate the advantages and shortcomings, has been constructed. Positive results from Hubei province’s total agricultural fertilizer increased, but the efficiency is on the decline. For this reason, a model to explore the use of fertilizer efficiency factors from the perspective of farmers is established based on the assumption that the articles selected for the study area under the same circumstances. Empirical found that farmers headed the basic features (including the head of the sex, age, occupation, monthly income, etc.), Characteristics of the family farmers (the number of people engaged in agriculture the total household population ratio), and major agricultural production intermediate consumption (including expatriate fees and operating machinery land contract two indicators), farmers market advantages (including farmers from the nearest street address market and farmers from the agricultural production rate of commercialization), farmers owned land features (in a piecemeal farmland resources to the extent indicated), and several other factors contributing to the efficiency of fertilizer affect farmers ring for notable. To further explore the use of fertilizer to enhance the efficiency of the decision-making path, we used multivariate regression models, Hubei, the continued use of sample households Empirical Analysis of the survey data to farmers fertilizer policy constraints. The results showed that the distance from home land, the land grades irrigation of arable land, the land lease and receive technical training fertilization, grain whether affordable, the proportion of agricultural products sold to farmers is fertilizer the key decision-making factors. Finally, based on the conclusion of the study, the corresponding elements to improve the efficiency of the allocation of proposals to deal and noted that the research papers of a number of shortcomings and the direction of further study.更多还原