【作者】 涂晓菊；

【导师】 李长健；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 经济法学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 贸易与环境问题已经成为人类面临的最紧迫的议题。农产品生产与环境具有天然密切联系，农产品也往往是发展中国家贸易出口最具潜力的产品。当前，发达国家普遍实施各种环境措施阻止发展中国家农产品进入本国市场，使发展中国家农产品贸易与环境问题变得更为突出，其亦对中国现代农业发展、新农村建设及和谐社会构建构成了严重障碍。论文以“一个范式，两个基本理论”为研究的理论基点和结点。在“主客体统一”研究范式下，从利益和谐和可持续发展双重理论视角来研究贸易利益和环境利益、发达国家和发展中国家的利益和谐问题，保障发展中国家平等生存权和发展权的实现，促进整个国际社会的和谐、可持续发展。在农产品贸易与环境领域，发展中国家面临着资源掠夺、污染转移和环境贸易壁垒等一系列问题，其中尤以农产品贸易环境壁垒问题最为严峻。尽管国际法律制度对农产品贸易与环境问题作了一系列规定，但仍有诸多方面的不足。发展中国家还国家普遍面临着自身基础薄弱、发达国家大量实施的农产品贸易环境壁垒以及国内国际法律制度的欠缺等诸多方面的困境。在法理分析和现实考量基础之上，对“海虾—海龟”案以及“菲律宾诉澳大利亚影响新鲜水果和蔬菜进口措施”案进行了深入实证分析。所得出的结论是对于农产品贸易与环境问题，世贸组织以及整个国际法律制度都持相当谨慎的态度，逐渐开始尊崇可持续发展的价值理念，对于环境权域外效力和PPMS问题有所松动，但对发展中国家的关切仍显微薄。发展中国家农产品贸易与环境问题的解决是一个复杂的理论和实践问题，需要我们从WTO机制的变革和完善、以利益与利益机制为中心的全球性协调机制构建、发展中国家可持续发展能力建设以及发展中国家的国际合作与实践等方面作出努力。研究中，笔者第一次创新性地提出了以利益与利益机制为中心的全球性协调机制构建、发展中国家可持续发展能力建设问题。中国作为一个典型的发展中国家，亦面临着严峻的农产品贸易与环境问题。中国经济法与利益和谐、可持续发展理念有着诸多耦合之处，笔者从经济法的主体法律制度、市场规制法律制度、宏观调控法律制度、可持续发展法律制度等层面提出了具体的法律对策，同时也从宪法、环境法、行政法、国际法等制度层面予以了全方位的制度回应。更多还原

【Abstract】 The trade and environment problem has been the most urging proposal that human-being face. Agricultural production has natural relationship with environment and agricultural products are usually the most potential export products for developing countries. At present, developed countries execute all kinds of environmental measures to prevent agricultural products of developing countries from entering domestic market, which has made agricultural products trade and environment of developing countries become more obvious. It also became a serious barrier to China’s development of modem agriculture, new countryside construction and the construction of harmony society."One research mode, two basic theories "is the theory basis of the research. Under the research mode of "subject and object uniformity", the author researched trade and environment interests harmony, developed countries and developing countries interests harmony, and preserve the reality of equal existence and development rights of developing countries, and promote the harmonious and sustainable development of the international society in the theory of interests harmony and sustainable development.In the area of agricultural products trade and environment, developing countries are facing resources plundering, pollution shift and environment trade barrier and so on a series of problems, in which the agricultural products trade environment barrier is especially the most stem. Although international legal system has made a series of regulations on this problem, but it still had many insufficiencies in many aspects. The developing countries are still facing many difficult situations, such as the weak foundation of themselves, massive agricultural products trade environment barrier implemented by developed countries as well as the deficiency of domestic and international legal system.On the basis of legal and realistic analysis, the author analyze the cases of"Shrimp—Turtle "and "Philippine sues Australia limiting the importation of fresh fruit and vegetable" from positivism analysis. The result is that the World Trade Organization as well as the entire international legal system hold quite discrete manner regarding the agricultural products trade and environment problem. It gradually starts to venerate the sustainable development value, and loosen the outside territory efficacy of environment potency and the PPMS issue, but the concern on developing countries is insufficient.The solution to developing countries agricultural products trade and environment problem is a complex theory and practical question. Which needs us to work hard mainly from the transformation and perfection of WTO mechanism, the construction of global coordination mechanism focusing on interests and interests mechanism, the sustainable development ability construction as well as the international cooperation and practice of developing countries. In the research, the author innovatively put forward the construction of global coordination mechanism focusing on interests and interests mechanism, the sustainable development ability construction for the first time. As a typical developing country, China is also facing serious agricultural products trade and environment problem. Economic law has close relationship with the theory of interests harmony and sustainable development。So the author proposed system responses in Chinese economic law on the aspects of subject legal system, market regulation legal system, administrative legal system and sustainable legal system as well as system responses of constitution, environment law, administrative law and international law.更多还原