【作者】 刘敏；

【导师】 赵燮京； 王昌全；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 土壤学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 针对川中紫色丘陵区降雨不均导致季节性干旱问题十分突出，并且由于成土母质的差异，区域内农业生产差异较大的情况，本文以川中紫色丘陵区为研究区域，运用方差分析和相关性分析等方法研究了不同母质条件下的土壤水分特征及作物需水量，分析了母质因素对土壤水分特征及作物需水量的影响。研究结果表明：(1)不同母质紫色土的土壤容重在剖面上总体呈自上而下递增趋势。不同母质紫色土中，土壤容重总体变异以沙溪庙组最大，为6.91％，遂宁组最小，为4.22％。各层土壤容重差异表现为：A层土壤上，蓬莱镇组与遂宁组差异达显著水平，与沙溪庙组差异达极显著水平，而遂宁组与沙溪庙组差异不显著；B层土壤上，遂宁组与沙溪庙组差异达极显著水平；C层土壤上，蓬莱镇组与遂宁组、沙溪庙组均达极显著水平，而遂宁组、沙溪庙组土壤容重差异不显著。土壤平均容重A层表现为蓬莱镇组＞沙溪庙组＞遂宁组，C层表现为遂宁组＞蓬莱镇组＞沙溪庙组。(2)不同母质紫色土在质地上存在差异。土壤砂粒含量总体表现为遂宁组＞沙溪庙组＞蓬莱镇组，其值分别为604.24g／kg、537.35g／kg、437.92g／kg，其中蓬莱镇组与遂宁组、沙溪庙组差异均达极显著水平，而遂宁组与沙溪庙组之间差异不显著，砂粒含量均较高；土壤粘粒含量总体表现为沙溪庙组＞蓬莱镇组＞遂宁组，其值分别为234.90g／kg、230.43g／kg、160.39g／kg，其中遂宁组与沙溪庙组、蓬莱镇组差异均达极显著水平，而沙溪庙组与蓬莱镇组之间差异不显著，粘粒含量均较高。(3)不同母质紫色土的土壤持水性在剖面上均呈自上而下降低趋势且不同母质土壤持水性表现为蓬莱镇组＞沙溪庙组＞遂宁组。三种紫色土的土壤水分特征曲线拟合系数均在0.98以上，均达到极显著水平，其中以沙溪庙组土壤拟合性最高。土壤饱和含水量、田间持水量、萎蔫系数均在剖面呈自上而下的递减趋势。而有效水含量除遂宁组B层外，在剖面呈自上而下的递增趋势，其中田间持水量、萎蔫系数表现为蓬莱镇组＞沙溪庙组＞遂宁组，有效水含量表现为沙溪庙组＞蓬莱镇组＞遂宁组。(4)在影响土壤水分特征的各因素中，其影响程度表现为粘粒含量＞容重＞土壤结构系数。(5)全生育期内不同母质条件下的冬小麦需水量与夏玉米需水量特征基本一致，其表现为遂宁组＞沙溪庙组＞蓬莱镇组。土壤田间持水量、萎蔫系数、有效水含量均与作物需水量呈负相关关系，其中，田间持水量、萎蔫系数与作物需水量的线性负相关均达显著水平以上。不同母质所形成的土壤质地差异导致了土壤水分特征的差异，从而影响作物需水量。(6)不同母质紫色土的水分特征差异以及不同母质条件下的作物需水量差异，要求区域农业生产进行科学分区，针对区划情况采取相应的、合理的措施来提高土壤水分的合理高效利用，从而促进土壤生态系统的良性循环，实现农业生产的可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Abstract: This article aspects of purple hilly region in the middle part of Sichuan Basin as studied area, adopting the methods of variance analysis and relative analysis to research the characteristics of soil water and crop water requirement in different soil parent material types, and analyze the impact of soil parent material on the characteristics of soil water and crop water requirement The result of study as follows:（1） Soil bulk density of different parent material purple soil increases from top to bottom as a whole though change in the soil profile. In the different parent material purple soil, J_2s has the maximum general variability in soil bulk density, and variability is 6.91%. J_3s has the minimum general variability in soil bulk density, and variability is 4.22%. In the same soil horizon, different parent material purple soil has discrepancy. In layer A, the discrepancy of J_3P and J_3S reaches significant level, and the discrepancy of J_3P and J_2S reaches extremely significant level, and J_3S and J_3S has little discrepancy. In layer B, the discrepancy of J_2S and J_3S reaches extremely significant level. In layer C, the discrepancy of J_3P and J_2S or J_3S reaches extremely significant level, and J_2S and J_3S has little discrepancy. Generally speaking, the average of soil bulk density is J_3P＞J_2S＞J_3S in layer A, and J_3S＞J_3P＞J_2S in layer C.（2） Different parent material purple soil has differences in soil texture. The general result of soil sand grain content is J_3S＞J_2S＞J_3P, and their value are 604.24g/kg、537.35 g/kg、437.92 g/kg.So soil sandgrain content is all high. The discrepancy of J_3P and J_2S or J_3S reaches extremely significant level, and J_2S and J_3S has little discrepancy. On the other hand ,the general result of soil clay content is J_2S＞J_3P＞J_3S, and their value are 234.90g/kg、230.43g/kg、160.39g/kg. So soil clay content is also all high. The discrepancy of J_3S and J_2S or J_3P reaches extremely, significant level, and J_2S and J_3P has little discrepancy.（3） Soil water retention capability of all the three parent material purple soil reduces from top to bottom in the soil profile, and the result of soil sand grain content is J_3S＞J_2S＞J_3S. Soil moisture characteristic curve fit coefficient of the all the three is above 0.98, and reaches extremely significant level. Furthermore, J_2S has the higher fitting character than the other two. Saturated soil water content, field water capacity and wilting coefficient of all the three parent material purple soil also reduces from top to bottom in the soil profile, but effective water content increases from top to bottom in the soil profile except the layer B of J_3S. The result of saturated soil water content, field water capacity and wilting coefficient is J_3P＞J_2S＞J_3S, and the result of effective water content is J_2S＞J_3P＞J_3S.（4） Among the affecting factors of the characteristics of soil water, the result of impact degree is soil clay content＞soil bulk density＞soil structural coefficient.（5） On the condition of different parent material in total growing period, winter wheat’s characteristic of water requirement coincides with summer corn, and the result is J_3S＞J_2S＞J_3P. The field water capacity, wilting coefficient and effective water content have negative correlation with crop water requirement, and the linear negative correlation of field water capacity, effective water content and crop water requirement is above the significant level. Generally speaking, the discrepancy of different parent material soil texture causes the different characteristic of soil water, and furthermore, affects the crop water requirement.（6） The discrepancy of soil water characteristic and crop water requirement in different parent material purple soil, requires that region agricultural production should process scientific zoning, and adopt relevant and reasonable measures to improve reasonable and efficient utilization of soil moisture in allusion to region condition. Then promote the positive cycle of soil ecosystem and actualize the sustainable development of agricultural industry.更多还原