【作者】 蒲晓蓉；

【导师】 陈其兵；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 生态园林是当今世界园林的发展方向，园林植物的生态效应是生态园林建设重点考虑的内容。结合世界园林的发展方向和生态园林建设的实践要求，本文选取八种常用观赏竹：金镶玉竹（Phyllostachys.aureosulcata ’Spectabilis’）、黄秆京竹（P.aureosulcata ’Aureocaulis’）、龟甲竹（P.pubescens f.heterocycla（Carr.）H.de Leh）、小琴丝竹（Bambusa.multiplex cv.Alphonse-Karri Nakai）、凤尾竹（B.multiplex cv.Fernleaf R. A.Young）、观音竹（B.multiplex var.riviereorum R.Maire）、绵竹（B.intermedia Hsueh et Yo）、苦竹（Pleioblastus.amarus（Keng）Keng f.）作为研究材料，通过对其生态功能指标和生态适应性指标进行系列量化测定分析，研究其生理生态特性和在城市园林中的生态效应，并结合绿量、叶面积指数等生态效益评价指标综合评定观赏竹在城市园林运用中的生态价值，为观赏竹在城市园林中的合理应用与优化配置提供科学依据。主要研究成果如下：1测定、分析、比较了八种观赏竹的叶面积指数和绿量，结果表明苦竹叶面积指数最大，凤尾竹最小。苦竹与其余七种观赏竹之间绿量差异极显著，观音竹与凤尾竹之间差异极显著，其余观赏竹种之间差异不显著。2对八种观赏竹的生态功能性指标包括碳氧平衡能力、降温增湿作用、滞尘效应、杀菌效应、吸污抗污能力等进行量化测定和比较分析，结果表明：八种观赏竹的释氧固碳、降温增湿、杀菌滞尘、吸收硫污染物和氯污染物的能力在不同竹种间差异显著，而且呈现季节变化规律，但不同竹种的不同生态服务功能其季节变化趋势不同，在生长季，观赏竹表现较强的释氧固碳和降温增湿效应，叶片中污染物含量冬季普遍高于春季。3对八种观赏竹的生态适应性指标包括观赏竹对高CO₂浓度、光照强度以及低水分环境的适应能力进行量化测定和分析比较，结果表明：（1）当环境CO₂浓度显著增高时，八种观赏竹叶片净光合速率先维持短暂的增加然后逐渐下降、水分利用效率显著增加，蒸腾速率随着环境CO₂浓度增高而逐渐下降。在不同竹种之间，小琴丝竹能适应较高CO₂浓度环境，苦竹和风尾竹忍受高浓度CO₂胁迫环境的能力较差；（2）各观赏竹对弱光的利用效率均大于对强光的利用效率，其中苦竹、凤尾竹、小琴丝竹对弱光利用效率是对强光利用效率的10倍以上。说明这三种观赏竹能够忍受一定的荫蔽环境，在较弱的光照条件下也能正常生长。光合有效辐射强度在0～100μmol．m^-2．s^-1范围内，各观赏竹光能利用效率随着光强提高而增大；在100～2000μmol．m^-2．s^-1范围内，光能利用效率随着光强提高而逐渐下降。（3）不同竹种之间水分竞争利用能力存在较大的差异。就整体而言，观音竹和苦竹具有较强的水分竞争利用能力，耐旱能力较强；小琴丝竹、绵竹次之，然后依次为金镶玉竹、龟甲竹、黄秆京竹；凤尾竹最差；不同竹种的水分利用效率和水分竞争系数在不同月份的表现也是不相同的，这是观赏竹对环境变化的一种适应策略。除凤尾竹外，其余七种观赏竹对干旱环境都具有较强的适应能力。4根据观赏竹的生物学和生态学特点推荐适合不同区域绿化的植物。更多还原

【Abstract】 Choosing the 8 relatively isolate Ornamental bamboos （including P. aureosulcata ’Spectabilis’, P.aureosulcata ’Aureocaulis’, B.multiplex cv.Alphonse-Karri Nakai, B.multiplex Raeuschel cv.Fernleaf, P.pubescens fheterocycla, B. multiplex vat. riviereorum, P.amarus, B. intermedia） as research material, the thesis conducts a research on its physical and ecological feature by a serial of quantitative measure and analysis on the index of ecological function and ecological adaptation. It also provides scientific evidence for the reasonable application and the optimization of distribution of bamboos so as to appraise its environmental values of bamboos in gardening. The main results include:Firstly, it indicates that P. Amarus has the biggest LAI while the B.multiplex.Raeuschel cv. Fernleaf has the smallest. The difference of green biomass between P.amarus and other bamboos is statistically significant. So is the difference of green biomass between B.multiplex. Raeuschel cv.Fernleaf and B. multiplex var. riviereorum. But the difference among other bamboos is not statistically significant.Secondly, it guides the application of bamboos in the city gardening by quantitatively measuring, analyzing and comparing their index of ecological function including the function of keeping the balance between Carbon dioxide and Oxygen, Atmospheric particle-retaining capability, Bactericidal variation capability etc.Thirdly, the ecological adaptation index, including their adaptation ability in high CO₂ density, Light intensity and low-moisture environment, was measured and the results indicate: （1） when the CO₂ density of the surrounding conditions rises greatly, the net photosynthetic rate of the eight bamboos firstly maintains a short rise before it fall down gradually and their WUE increase significantly. But the Transpiration rate decreases with the rising of the CO₂ density. B.multiplex cv.Alphonse is able to adapt to the environment with high CO₂ density. But B.multiplex Raeuschel cv.Fernleaf and P.amarus is relatively poor. （2） The use efficiency of weak light is higher than that of the strong light, among which the use efficiency of the weak light of the P.amarus, B.multiplex cv.Alphonse, B.multiplex. Raeuschel cv.Fernleafis 10 times as strong as that of the bright light, indicating the above plants can bears a certain shady environment and survives. The LUE of eight bamboos will rise with the increasing of light intensity when the PAR is between 0～100μmol.m^-2.s^-1 and fall down gradually between 100～2000μmol.m^-2.s^-1. （3） There isa great difference in water competitive capacity among different bamboos. As a whole, B.multiplex var. riviereorum and P.amarus have a relatively strong water competitive capacity and drought-resistant ability, while B.multiplex cv.Fernleaf.comes finally. There is also a great difference in the index of WUE among different bamboos at different time. This is an adaptive strategy to the environment. All the other seven, except B.multiplex cv.Fernleaf, have strong drought-resistant ability.Fourthly, recommend the vegetation suitable for different districts according to the biological and ecological features of the ornamental bamboos.更多还原