【作者】 袁亮；

【导师】 潘光堂；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 以10个淀粉含量不同的自交系为亲本，2005年按照Griffing完全双列杂交模式组配正反交，共90个组合，2006年在四川雅安和云南元江2个地点按随机区组设计种植亲本和杂交组合，利用infratec 1241 v3.20型近红外谷物品质分析仪测定杂交组合籽粒淀粉含量。采用一年多点的联合方差分析法，分析了基因型、地点以及基因型与地点互作对玉米籽粒淀粉含量的影响，运用胚乳性状配合力模型和杂种优势模型，估算了淀粉含量配合力和杂种优势效应，并分析了淀粉含量的遗传模型。结果表明：1．杂交组合的淀粉含量在地点间的差异达极显著水平，云南点淀粉平均含量极显著高于四川点，两者相差0.42个百分点。淀粉含量在基因型间的差异也达极显著水平，杂交种淀粉含量(2点均值)的变幅为68.92％～72.87％，其中集中于70％～71％的组合占54.44％。此外，基因型与地点的互作效应也影响杂交组合的淀粉含量。2．10个亲本淀粉含量的一般配合力(GCA)和组合间特殊配合力(SCA)的差异在2点均达极显著水平。四川点GCA效应为正的亲本有CX2435、CX2022、FC1003、CX2395、08-641和海5选，其中亲本CX2435、CX2022和FC1003极显著；SCA效应达正向显著的组合有CX2435×FC1003(1.68)，18-599×CX2022(1.30)，FC1003×CX2435(1.17)，48-2×CX2435(1.04)，08-641×CX2395(0.81)，48-2×FC1003(0.80)，W-3×CX2395(0.79)，海5选×CX2395(0.78)，08-641×CX2022(0.78)和08-641×海5选(0.73)。云南点GCA效应为正的亲本有CX2435、FC1003、CX2395、08-641和W-3，其中CX2435和FC1003极显著；SCA效应达正向显著的组合有CX2395×CX2435(0.99)，W-2×48-2(0.93)，08-641×18-599(0.91)，W-2×CX2022(0.89)，W-2×FCl003(0.89)和18-599×08-641(0.87)。亲本CX2435、FC1003、CX2395和08-641的淀粉含量GCA效应在2个试验点都较高，尤以CX2435表现最为突出，以它作亲本易配出高淀粉组合。3．淀粉含量表现为正向杂种优势，且在基因型间和地点间均存在极显著差异。四川点的平均优势为0.62，极显著；云南点的正向优势未达显著水平。四川点，CX2022的品种优势最大(0.49)，其次为CX2395(0.45)，W-3最小(-0.82)；CX2435的品种效应最大(1.46)，其次为W-3(0.23)，CX2395最小(-0.85)。云南点，08-641的品种优势最大(0.34)，其次为18-599(0.23)，W-3最小(-0.78)；W-3的品种效应最大(1.76)，其次为CX2435(1.52)，CX2022最小(-1.06)。特殊优势在2点的变幅分别为-1.98～1.57和-1.19～1.56，正向优势分别占全部组合的50％和82％。4．淀粉与蛋白质和油分含量间呈极显著负相关。淀粉含量与穗长、行粒数、粒深和单株产量间相关不显著；与穗粗、穗行数间呈显著负相关；与出籽率、百粒重间呈极显著正相关，且二者对淀粉含量的直接正向作用较明显。5．淀粉含量符合加性—显性模型，不存在上位性效应，且显性作用较加性作用重要，第一、第二显性方差之和为45.368，显性性质为超显性，控制淀粉含量的基因在不同的位点有不同的显性方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ten maize inbred lines with different starch percentages were crossed in a diallel mating design in 2005. Parents and their 90 hybrids were grown in a randomized complet block design experiment in Ya’an, Sichuan province and Yuan jiang Yunnan province in 2006, respectively. the starch component of grain samples were assessed by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS). In combined variance analysis, we analyzed the effects of the genotype (G), environment (E), and G×E on starch component. The GCA, SCA and heterosis effect on starch content were studied by the models which were applicable to endosperm characters. Finally, the genetic model of starch concentration was analyzed. And the results indicated that:1. The difference of starch content between two places reached 0.01 probability level. The average starch content of hybrids in Yunnan province was higher than that in Sichuan province by 0.42%. The difference of starch content among genotypes also reached 0.01 probability level, ranging from 68.92% to 72.87%. And the interaction between location and genotype was notable.2. Analysis showed that the GCA variance and SCA variance of starch content were notable in both locations. In Sichuan province, CX2435, CX2022, FC1003, CX2395, 08-641 and Hai-5-xuan had positive GCA effect, thereinto, CX2435,CX2022 and FC1003 reached 0.01 probability level. The crosses whose positive SCA effect were notable include CX2435×FC1003(1.68), 18-599×CX2022(1.30), FC1003×CX2435(1.17), 48-2×CX2435(1.04), 08-641×CX2395(0.81), 48-2×FC1003(0.80), W-3×CX2395(0.79), Hai-5-xuan×CX2395(0.78), 08-641×CX2022(0.78) and 08-641×Hai5xuan(0.73). In Yunnan province, CX2435, FC1003, CX2395, 08-641 and W-3 had positive GCA effect, thereinto, CX2435 and FC1003 reached 0.01 probability level. The crosses whose positive SCA effect were notable include CX2395×CX2435(0.99), W-2×48-2(0.93), 08-641×18-599(0.91), W-2×CX2022(0.89), W-2×FC1003(0.89), 18-599×08-641(0.87). CX2435, FC1003, CX2395 and 08-641 whose starch content were high had steady GCA effect in two places, especially CX2435, and high starch content crosses could probably be screened from crosses combined by it.3. Starch content showed positively and relatively low average heterosis. However, significant differences in magnitude of the heterosis were observed among combinations and locations. In Sichuan province, the average heterosis was 0.62, which was very notable. As for variety heterosis, CX2022 was highest, reaching 0.01 probability, next was CX2395, and W-3 was the lowest. CX2435 had the highest variety effect, next was W-3, CX2395 was the lowest. In Yunnan province, average heterosis was not notable. As for variety heterosis, 08-641 was the highest, next was 18-599, W-3 was the lowest. However, W-3 had the highest variety effect, next was CX2435, CX2022 was the lowest. The range of special heterosis at two places was-1.98～1.57 and-1.19～1.56, respectively, about 50% and 82% crosses had positive special heterosis at two locations.4. Coefficients of protein content,oil content and starch content were negatively correlated. Coefficients of ear length, kernels per row, kernel length and yield per plant to starch content were not notable. Ear diameter and ear rows show negative correlation to starch content. Specially, 100 seeds weight and grain production have significant positive direct effect to starch content.5. Results of 3N genetic model analysis revealed that the inheritance of starch content was in agreement with additive-dominant model, and there was no epistasis. The dominant gene effects played predominant role in the genetic variation of starch content, the dominant variation component was 45.368. The genes controling starch content had different dominant direction according to the loci.更多还原