【作者】 廖桂堂；

【导师】 李廷轩；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 植物营养学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究在茶叶高产优化施肥模型、茶园土壤养分空间变异性和肥力质量综合评价研究的基础上，运用面向对象的系统建模方法、组件式地理信息系统技术(ComGIS)和关系数据库技术，在Visual Basic 6.0环境下开发出以土壤测定为手段、养分平衡为依据，针对茶叶生产管理部门和广大茶农的低山茶园施肥信息系统(TFIS 1.0)。系统实现了基本地图操作、茶园空间信息查询与分析、土壤肥力分区、田块推荐施肥、可视化输出以及系统维护等功能，并以四川省蒙顶山茶园为案例区进行了实际应用。研究结果如下：1．蒙顶山茶园土壤肥力质量沿海拔高度垂直变化明显，土壤肥力较高的区域分布在山体中上部，随着海拔高度的降低土壤肥力水平也逐渐降低。蒙顶山茶园山体中上部气候条件和土壤环境良好，森林覆盖率较高，土壤中有机质积累较丰富，是生产这种现象的主要因素。同时，区域内土壤肥力质量变化沿坡面等高线呈水平带状分布。蒙项山具有梯式茶园的种植特点，这种结构对重力作用下土壤养分的迁移产生了一定程度的影响，以行为单位的水肥管理也使同一茶行上的肥力质量水平趋于一致。蒙顶山茶园土壤酸化趋势严重，pH均不符合优良茶园的要求；土壤容重、有机质、速效磷、碱解氮和全氮不符合优质茶园要求的面积分别占15％、26％、30％、90％和90％；速效钾含量最高的肥力质量区平均值仅为68mg／kg，远低于优质茶园的标准要求。pH、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、速效磷等制约了蒙项山茶园茶叶产量和品质的提高，改善土壤肥力质量状况应成为茶园管理的重点之一。2．采用地统计学、GIS与多元统计分析结合进行肥力质量评价较好的反映土壤肥力质量的空间分布状况，评价结果较客观的反映了研究区土壤肥力的真实情况，具有实用价值。同时，该方法综合考虑了土壤性质的空间变异性和评价单元各种养分的均一性，参评因子的权重以原始数据为基础获取，在保证评价精度的同时较大程度上避免了传统方法主观性较强的缺点，为地统计研究成果实际运用提供了思路。3．将GIS软件系统与面向对象的软件工程分析与设计思想相结合，在对GIS软件系统进行各个层次上的面向对象系统性划分的基础上，应用UML建模的工具Rational Rose2003对低山茶园施肥信息系统进行可视化建模，提高了开发效率，降低了系统复杂性和研制风险，在体系结构模块化、代码可重用性和软件可维护性等方面取得了较好的效果。4．以土壤、作物、肥料、价格等信息为基础，通过GIS技术、关系数据库技术、组件技术、施肥模型以及可视化语言Visual Basic 6.0的综合运用，开发出以土壤测定为手段、土壤肥力质量评价为依据、养分平衡为原理，针对茶叶生产管理部门和广大茶农的低山茶园施肥信息系统，其界面简洁友好、操作方便、信息全面、空间数据精度较高。系统具有N、P、K推荐施肥功能，并根据不同茶树品种、土壤肥力和季节给出相应施肥方案，初步实现了具体田块的精确施肥。此外，系统建立的技术路线和工作方法适用于其它土壤和作物，为其它作物施肥系统研究提供了一定的技术借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 On the basic research of the spatial variability of soil and comprehensive evaluation of fertility quality and modeling for the optimization of fertilization of tea, Tea fertilization information system (TFIS 1.0) was developed based on the soil testing, and principle of nutrient balance, by inserting MapObjects component into the Visual Basic development environment and combining the techniques of unified modeling language(UML), relation database and ComGIS. TFIS directly serve to farmers and managers of tea field, the system realized the functions as basic map handling, agricultural spatial information query and analysis, ecological distribution of tea field, fertilization decision-making, precision farming management, visual display of results and system maintenance. Case studies on Mengding Mountain in Sichuan Province indicate the system can effectively manage regional agriculture spatial information and show a good applicability in future.1. The soil fertility quality of Mengding Mountain is changing dramatically with the change of altitude. The hill can also be divided into different sections delimited by their fertility level: the richest soils are located in the middle and top section of the hill; the poorest, at the bottom. In other words: the higher the elevation, the richer the soil; the lower the elevation the poorer the soil.The overall fertility level in Mengding Mountain is lower than the soil quality standards put forward by the Chinese tea institute. There is a difference between today’s Mengding fertility quality situation and the soil quality standards of good tea fields. BD, OM, AP, TN, AN and pH take 15%、26%、30%、90% 90% and 100% of the whole area, which are not accounted for the high quality standard and the average content of AK is only 68mg/kg in the highest fertility quality area. Those elements above restrict the output and quality of tea in Mengding Mountain. So the tea garden management should attach importance on improving the soil fertility.2. A comprehensive evaluation of the soil fertility with Geostatistics, GIS, and statistics methods provides accurate and objective information on the soil fertility quality. Furthermore, calcic purplish soils in this area are not fit for tea. All of this are inosculate to the research’s results, which is practicable. Additionally, this method avoid the disadvantage of the traditional method’s and also gives a new practical approach to Geostatistics.3. Nowadays, object oriented methodology is most popular for developing information systems, and the Unified Modeling Language becomes a standard language for the analysis and designing phase in developing an object oriented system. On the base of software engineering thinking, object oriented method put in the GIS application system programming through design, function, structure and accomplishment and so on. This research use UML case-Rational Rose2003 to design the software system, and acquire a good effect.4. On the basic materials of tea experiments for fertilizer responses, the spatial variability of soil fertility quality was studied, tea fertility geography information system (TFIS 1.0) was developed based on the soil testing and fertility evaluation and principle of nutrient balance through technique of ComGIS, relational database, fertility model and UML model. TFIS approached the accurate quantitative for N, P and K requirement in normal condition. Additionally, A brief and simple interface are easy to use which are the features of the system, besides, some technical references are provided for other agrieulture information system.更多还原