【作者】 彭勇；

【导师】 李平；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 水稻是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一，世界上半数以上的人口以水稻为主食，大多数水稻重要农艺性状如产量、品质、抗逆性等多为数量性状，因此对数量性状基因位点（QTLs）准确定位分析在水稻遗传改良上具有重要意义。尤其是利用全基因组完成测序的材料进行数量性状研究，为进一步开展QIL功能解析打下基础，本研究选用两个测序水稻品种“培矮64S和日本晴”，配制杂交组合“培矮64S／日本晴”F₁构建重组自交系群体“F_2：8310个株系”，并对RIL群体进行评价，用该群体构建了一张SSR标记连锁图谱“简称F₈图谱”，将该图分别与相同组合F₂群体图谱和日本晴序列图比，分析分离标记的概况，其主要结果如下：1．利用组合杂种“培矮64S／日本晴”F₁建立重组自交系（RIL）群体，分别在四川和海南种植；F₂、F₄、F₆、F₈在四川温江种植，F₁、F₃、F₅、F₇在海南凌水种植，最后得到310个F_2：8株系。重组自交系RIL群体性状评检测评价结果为；分蘖数、穗数、株高3类性状纯合度分别为60.61％、90％、50.61％，分子标记评价结果为；RIL群体纯合度为96.03％，杂合度为3.97％。2．选用515对SSR引物对双亲培矮64S和日本晴间进行多态性检测，有157对引物在双亲间表现明显多态性，多态性频率为30.48％，以此构建了包含109个标记的连锁图（简称F₈图谱），该图谱包含18个连锁群，覆盖基因组2732.6cM，标记间平均距离25.07cM。3．本图谱分别与F₂图谱进行比较，两图在连锁群、标记定位数、标记顺序、总基因组长度、标记平均距离等方面都存在差异。进一步与日本晴序列图比较，109个标记有91个标记能确定在基因组序列图上，有18个标记未能在序列图找到相应的位置，91个标记覆盖的物理距离为159.8Mb，标记间平均物理距离为2159.46kb。4．在RIL群体中偏分离标记较多；定位在F₈图谱有63个分子标记表现偏分离（P＜0.05），占定位标记数的68.48％，这些偏分离标记中有60个偏向母本培矮64S，只有3个标记偏向父本日本晴；另外还有48个未定位标记，其中27个标记偏分离、21个正常分离，可能与偏分离有关。5．F₈图上12条染色体上共分布了60个偏分离标记，占偏分离标记的95.24％，这些标记以成簇的形式分布在染色体，形成偏分离的热点区，分别命名为：SDR1-1、SDR1-2、SDR2、SDR3-1、SDR3-2、SDR4、SDR5-1、SDR5-2、SDR6-1、SDR6-2、SDR8、SDR9-1、SDR9-2、SDR11和SDR12。几乎所有热点区域都偏向母本Pei’ai 64S，SDR1-1区域有2个标记偏向父本Nipponbare，不在热点区域内的偏分离标记在染色体上均为孤立分散分布。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rice is one of the major crop for human consumption, providing staple food formore than half of world’s population. Most important agronomic traits of rice arequantitative, such as yield, quality and stress resistance and so on, which are controlledby polygene, so It’s very important for rice breeding improvement to map quantitativetrait loci （QTLs） accurately. Specially, it is very useful to clone QTL using thematerials which genomic full-sequence has been know. in this study, using thecombination of Pei’ai64S/Nipponbare for constructing RIL population, evaluated RILpopulation based on phenotype value and genotype value, we constructed rice SSRlinkage map based on RIL population, compared it with the F₂ map from the samecross Pei’ai64S/Nipponbare and the sequence map of Nipponbare, respectively. weanalyzed the segregation markers, then 3 types of agronomic QTL were mapped on themap. The main results were as the following:1.Using the F₁ descendants of combination Pei’ai64s/Nipponbare for constructingRIL population, F₂、F₄、F₆、F₈ were planted in wen jiang county Sichuan provinceand F₁、F₃、F₅ F₇were planted in lingshui county hainan province, respectively. Thepurity degree of 3 types traits （tiller number、panicle number、plant height） is60.61%、90.0%、50.61%, respectively. The purity degree of RILpopulation withmolecular marker evaluation is 96.03%,mixed degree is 3.97%, respectively.2.Examined polymorphisms of biparent by 515 primers, there were157 primersShowed polymorphisms, the ration of polymorphisms was 30.48%, we used theseMarkers for constructing a linkage map of 109 markers, including 18 linkage groups,the total genetic distance of the map was 2732.6cM, the average distance of twoadjacent markers was25.07cM.3.compared with F₂map, there were great difference about linkage、number ofmarkers、marker order、total genomic length、average marker distance on two maps;compared with G-map, of the 109 markers, 91 were tagged to G-map, others 18markers were not located on the same chromosomes on G-map, 74 SSR markers,covering 159.8 Mb of genomic length with an average interval size of F₂map2159.46kb.4. There were many significant segregation distortion markers in RIL population,63 markers （68.48%） were distorted on the F6map, （P＜0.05）, of 63 markers, 60markers were deviated toward Pei’ai64S, only 3 markers were deviated towardNipponbare; there were others 65 markers without mapping, 27 markers weredistorted、38 marker were segregated normally.5.60markers （95.24%） showed deviation on the map were mappedchromosomes1、2、3、4、5、6、8、9、11、12, respectively, most markers werein segregation distortion regions, named as followed: SDR1-1、SDR1-2、SDR2、SDR3-1、SDR3-2、SDR4、SDR5-1、SDR5-2、SDR6-1、SDR6-2、SDR8、SDR9-1、SDR9-2、SDR11和SDR12. Most of SDR deviated toward Pei’ai64S, only two markersof SDR1-1 deviated toward Nipponbare,更多还原